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. 2016 Jul 20;38(9):830–838. doi: 10.1002/bies.201600100

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© 2016 The Authors BioEssays Published by WILEY Periodicals, Inc.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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A general outline of Dicer‐ and Argonaute‐dependent post‐transcriptional RNA silencing mechanisms in eukaryotes. A: RNA interference (RNAi) pathway relying on Dicer‐dependent fragmentation of long dsRNA triggers into siRNA guides and Argonaute‐dependent cleavage on mRNAs complementary to the siRNAs. This simplified diagram does not show RdRP‐dependent steps amplifying RNAi response in some species. B: miRNA pathway related to RNAi and using partially overlapping or paralogous RNA processing enzymes to silence eukaryotic genes at the level of mRNA translation and/or stability.