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. 2016 Aug 4;103(10):1259–1268. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10233

Table 4.

Risk of bias

Reference Randomization method Allocation concealment Incomplete outcome assessment Selective reporting  
CEASL30 Low Low Low Low
Ohlsson et al.17 Unclear Unclear Low Low
Pietra et al.22 Unclear Unclear Low Low
Rodriguez-Moranta et al.2 Low Low Low Low
Mäkelä et al.16 Unclear Unclear Low Low
GILDA4 Unclear Low Low Low
FACS3 Unclear Unclear Low Low
Kjeldsen et al.20 Unclear Unclear High* Low
Wang et al.27 Unclear Low Unclear Low
Wattchow et al.24 Unclear Low Low Low
Augestad et al.25 Low Low Low Low
Schoemaker et al.21 Low High Unclear Low
Secco et al.23 High Unclear High§ Low
CEAwatch31 Low Low Low Low
*

Groups not balanced (290 : 307); drop-outs may not be included in assessment.

Cards not in envelopes; groups not balanced (167 : 158).

Method unclear; groups not balanced (108 : 84 and 84 : 61).

§

Patients excluded from survival rather than censored if lost to follow-up. COLOFOL has not reported so cannot be assessed; the methods of assignment were not described by Barillari et al.18, and this did not appear to be a true randomized comparison.