Fig. 2.

NAFLD is associated with increased de novo lipogenesis. (A) Significantly increased palmitoleic acid (16:1n7) to palmitic acid (16:0) ratio in several lipid classes among subjects with NAFLD. A composite fatty acid methyl ester data from all lipid classes reflective of monounsaturated fatty acids metabolism is displayed as pathway maps. The activity of stearoyl CoA desaturase (Δ9 SCD) and other enzymes are displayed showing comparisons of NAFL versus normal (B) and NASH versus normal (C), respectively. The significant increases are displayed in red, and significant decreases are shown in green. The nonsignificant changes are shown in gray. The key to individual acids is as described in Fig. 1. Data in bar graph expressed as means ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 versus normal.