Table 2.
Frequency and distribution of depressive symptoms by exposure status among women
| Variable | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N) | Rural-urban migrants (N,%) |
Urban residents (N,%) | Rural residents (N,%) | P-value a | |
| Presence Of Individual Symptoms: b | |||||
| Decreased Interest Or Pleasure | 90 | 47 (21.5) | 16 (19.3) | 27 (23.7) | 0.88 |
| Depressed Mood | 68 | 29 (13.2) | 15 (18.1) | 24 (21.1) | 0.06 |
| Insomnia Or Hypersomnia | 94 | 46 (21.0) | 21 (25.3) | 27 (23.7) | 0.82 |
| Fatigue Or Loss Of Energy | 96 | 47 (21.5) | 17 (20.5) | 32 (28.1) | 0.60 |
| Poor Appetite Or Overeating | 43 | 17 (7.8) | 11 (13.3) | 15 (13.2) | 0.30 |
| Feelings Of Worthlessness Or Inappropriate Guilt | 20 | 7 (3.2) | 7 (8.4) | 6 (5.3) | 0.18 |
| Diminished Ability To Think Or Concentrate | 21 | 9 (4.1) | 2 (2.4) | 10 (8.8) | 0.41 |
| Psychomotor Retardation Or Agitation | 42 | 19 (8.7) | 7 (8.4) | 16 (14.0) | 0.67 |
| Thoughts Of Death Or Suicide Or Self-Harm | 20 | 6 (2.7) | 4 (4.8) | 10 (8.8) | 0.07 |
| Overall Severity Of Symptoms: | |||||
| None/Minimal Symptoms | 369 | 201 (91.8) | 73 (87.9) | 95 (83.3) | 0.14 |
| Mild To Severe Symptoms c | 47 | 18 (8.2) | 10 (12.1) | 19 (16.7) | |
| Presence Of Any Depressive Disorder d | 13 | 3 (1.4) | 7 (8.4) | 3 (2.6) | Na e |
| Total | 416 | 219 | 83 | 114 | |
a Evidence for a difference across exposure groups; P-values derived from likelihood ratio tests based on logistic regression with random effects to account for sib-pair correlations; age-adjusted
b According to the patient health questionnaire
c Including 2 women without current symptoms but on anti-depressant medication
d Including major depression and other depressive disorders
e Not applicable (scarcity of data)