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. 2016 Sep 21;11(9):e0161102. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161102

Table 2. Polymorphisms for which the low-risk gene variant observed in Neanderthal and/or Denisovan is a derived allele.

Column headers and cell shading as for Table 1.

Gene Function1) Extant Humans AncientHominins Great Apes Modern Humans
Polymorphism2) Low3) High3) Nea Den Chimp Gor Ust'-Ishim MA-1 Anzick-1 NE1 Saqqaq BR2 Aus
RefSNP Number HGVS Name2) (45 kya) (24 kya) (12 kya) (7.2 kya) (3.9 kya) (3.2 kya) (0.1 kya)
EPHX1 Detox 1 rs2234922 p.His139Arg A G A A G G A A A A G A G
GSTP1 Detox 2 rs1695 p.Ile105Val A G A4) G A G G A G A A G G A A A
ERCC1 Repair rs3212986 c.*197G>T G T G G T T G G G G T G T G G

1. Detox 1 = Detoxification phase 1; Detox 2 = Detoxification phase 2; Repair = Repair of DNA damage.

2. SNP nomenclature as recommended by the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) (http://www.hgvs.org/mutnomen/recs.html).

3. Allele associated with a relatively low-risk, respectively, high-risk of adverse reproduction effects based on epidemiological or biochemical studies (details in S1 Text of the Supporting Information).

4) Neanderthal individual Vi33.26 is possibly heterozygous low-/high-risk (A/G) based on a single, high-quality read of each type; the high-coverage Altai Neanderthal and possibly Vi33.25 (one high-quality G read) are homozygous for the high-risk G allele.