Table 1. Comparison of the demographics and health status between the SLE and non-SLE cohorts at baseline.

	SLE
	No (N = 46132)		Yes (N = 11533)		p value
Variables	n	%	n	%
Sex					0.99
Women	40592	88.0	10148	88.0
Men	5540	12.0	1385	12.0
Age, year					0.99
<35	24532	53.2	6133	53.2
35–65	18608	40.3	4652	40.3
≥65	2992	6.49	748	6.49
Mean (SD) #	35.9 (16.3)		35.9 (16.2)		0.93
Comorbidity
Hypertension	1202	2.61	920	7.98	<.0001
Hyperlipidemia	342	0.74	263	2.28	<.0001
Diabetes	758	1.64	252	2.19	<.0001
COPD	187	0.41	91	0.79	<.0001
Asthma	334	0.72	142	1.23	<.0001
Stroke	502	1.09	284	2.46	<.0001
IHD	1083	2.35	476	4.13	<.0001
Pneumonia	817	1.77	860	7.46	<.0001
ESRD	79	0.17	74	0.64	<.0001
Pulmonary Embolism	42	0.09	123	1.07	<.0001
Mean of follow-up years (SD) #	6.84 (3.04)		6.47 (3.21)		<.0001

SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IHD, ischemic heart disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; chi-squared test;

^#Student t tests.