Table 3. Incidence and adjusted HR of incident respiratory failure between the non-SLE and SLE cohorts, stratified by comorbidity type.
| SLE | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | Compared to non-SLE cohort | ||||||
| Variables | Event | PY | Rate | Event | PY | Rate | IRR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| No | 351 | 309067 | 1.14 | 548 | 70062 | 7.82 | 6.89(6.53–7.26)*** | 6.78(5.91–7.78)*** |
| Yes | 137 | 6555 | 20.9 | 146 | 4553 | 32.1 | 1.53(1.24–1.90)*** | 2.90(2.25–3.74)*** |
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||||
| No | 463 | 313686 | 1.48 | 660 | 73119 | 9.03 | 6.12(5.81–6.44)*** | 5.76(5.10–6.50)*** |
| Yes | 25 | 1936 | 12.9 | 34 | 1496 | 22.7 | 1.76(1.14–2.72)** | 5.53(3.04–10.1)*** |
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| No | 388 | 311580 | 1.25 | 642 | 73489 | 8.74 | 7.02(6.66–7.40)*** | 6.55(5.76–7.45)*** |
| Yes | 100 | 4041 | 24.8 | 52 | 1127 | 46.2 | 1.87(1.38–2.52)*** | 2.34(1.64–3.33)*** |
| COPD | ||||||||
| No | 452 | 314718 | 1.44 | 670 | 74231 | 9.03 | 6.28(5.97–6.62)*** | 6.06(5.37–6.85)*** |
| Yes | 36 | 904 | 39.8 | 24 | 385 | 62.4 | 1.57(0.88–2.78) | 2.47(1.39–4.41)*** |
| Asthma | ||||||||
| No | 456 | 313781 | 1.45 | 661 | 73909 | 8.94 | 6.15(5.85–6.48)*** | 5.90(5.23–6.67)*** |
| Yes | 32 | 1841 | 17.4 | 33 | 707 | 46.7 | 2.69(1.71–4.22)*** | 3.46(2.06–5.81)*** |
| Stroke | ||||||||
| No | 408 | 313045 | 1.30 | 642 | 73301 | 8.76 | 6.72(6.38–7.08)*** | 6.38(5.62–7.25)*** |
| Yes | 80 | 2576 | 31.1 | 52 | 1314 | 39.6 | 1.27(0.90–1.81) | 2.32(1.58–3.40)*** |
| IHD | ||||||||
| No | 361 | 308495 | 1.17 | 622 | 71742 | 8.67 | 7.41(7.02–7.82)*** | 7.08(6.19–8.08)*** |
| Yes | 127 | 7126 | 17.8 | 72 | 2874 | 25.1 | 1.41(1.09–1.81)** | 2.11(1.57–2.85)*** |
| Pneumonia | ||||||||
| No | 452 | 311281 | 1.45 | 588 | 70098 | 8.39 | 5.78(5.49–6.08)*** | 5.85(5.17–6.63)*** |
| Yes | 36 | 4340 | 8.29 | 106 | 4518 | 23.5 | 2.83(2.08–3.85)*** | 4.21(2.83–6.27)*** |
| ESRD | ||||||||
| No | 478 | 315240 | 1.52 | 683 | 74193 | 9.21 | 6.07(5.77–6.39)*** | 5.86(5.20–6.61)*** |
| Yes | 10 | 381 | 26.2 | 11 | 423 | 26.0 | 0.99(0.46–2.14) | 1.96(0.69–5.56) |
| Pulmonary Embolism | ||||||||
| No | 480 | 315360 | 1.52 | 678 | 73949 | 9.17 | 6.02(5.72–6.34)*** | 5.90(5.24–6.65)*** |
| Yes | 8 | 262 | 30.5 | 16 | 667 | 24.0 | 0.79(0.37–1.66) | 1.26(0.45–3.52) |
SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IHD, ischemic heart disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; PY: person-year; Rate: incidence rate (per 1,000 person-y); IRR, incidence rate ratio; HR, hazard ratio; multivariable analysis including age, sex, and comorbidities;
**P < .01,
***P < .001.