Table 4. Adjusted HR of incident respiratory failure associated with the annual frequency of outpatient visits and hospitalizations because of SLE exacerbation.
| Variables | N | Event | Rate | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-SLE cohort | 46132 | 488 | 1.55 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Number of outpatient visits and hospitalizations per year | |||||
| ≤ 11 | 5302 | 178 | 4.85 | 3.14(2.65–3.73)*** | 3.09(2.60–3.67)*** |
| 12–17 | 3965 | 173 | 6.63 | 4.28(3.60–5.09)*** | 4.77(4.00–5.69)*** |
| 18–24 | 1548 | 173 | 19.5 | 12.4(10.4–14.7)*** | 11.4(9.57–13.7)*** |
| > 24 | 718 | 170 | 58.0 | 35.8(30.1–42.7)*** | 21.7(18.0–26.1)*** |
| p-value for trend | <.0001 | <.0001 |
SLE, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; HR, hazard ratio; multivariable analysis including age, sex, and comorbidities;
***P < .001.