Table 1.
Demographics, cognition and CSF marker concentrations
| PD (all patients) N= 414 | Healthy controls (HC) N= 189 | PD mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) N= 140 | PD normal cognition (PD-NC) N= 274 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (% male)¤ | 66 % (273/414) | 63% (120/189) | 67% (94/140) | 65% (179/274) |
| Age (mean, SD)# | 61.3 (9.7) | 60.2 (11.3) | 63.11 (9.33)d,f | 60.3 (9.70) |
| Education (mean, SD)# | 15.6 (3.0) | 16.0 (2.9) | 14.8 (3.31)e,h | 16.0 (2.72) |
| APOE-genotype, percent¥ | ε2/ε2 : 1%, ε2/ε3 : 14%, ε3/ε3 : 59%, ε3/ε4 : 23%, ε2/ε4 : 2%, ε4/ε4 : 2%. 38 patients without results. | ε2/ε2 : 2%, ε2/ε3 : 9%, ε3/ε3 : 62%, ε3/ε4 : 21%, ε2/ε4 : 4%, ε4/ε4 : 2%. 17 controls without results. | ε2/ε2 : 1%, ε2/ε3 : 11%, ε3/ε3 : 61%, ε3/ε4 : 23%, ε2/ε4 : 2%, ε4/ε4 : 2%. 16 patients without results. | ε2/ε2 : 0%, ε2/ε3 : 15%, ε3/ε3 : 58%, ε3/ε4 : 23%, ε2/ε4 : 2%, ε4/ε4 : 2%. 22 patients without results. |
| Months since PD diagnosis (median, quartiles)§ | 4.0 (2.0–8.0) | N.a. | 4.0 (2.0–9.0) | 4.0 (2.0–8.0) |
| UPDRS III (median, quartiles)§ | 20 (15–26)b | 0 (0–2) | 22 (16–27)c,h | 19 (14–26)j |
| Abeta42 (pg/ml) (median, quartiles)§ | 367.15 (305.13–426.55) | 378.50 (309.75–439.75) | 367.65 (297.55–438.50) | 366.80 (308.30–423.25) |
| T-tau(pg/ml) (median, quartiles)§ | 40.85 (32.30–52.65)a | 44.80 (35.20–64.60) | 42.50 (32.08–53.48)f | 40.30 (32.38–51.63)i |
| P-tau181(pg/ml) (median, quartiles)§ | 12.20 (9.30–18.50)a | 14.00 (11.10–21.50) | 13.10 (8.93–19.93)f | 12.05 (9.50–17.90)j |
| A-synuclein (pg/ml) (median, quartiles)§ | 1709.92 (1308.09–2171.00)b | 1939.78 (1363.80–2555.73) | 1581.12 (1219.75–2143.54)h | 1755.26 (1342.58–2185.54)i |
| Composite cognition factor (mean, (median), SD) | −0.14,(−0.06), (1.00) | N.a. | −0.76,(−0.72), (1.05) | 0.18, (0.16), (0.81) |
| Visuospatial function (mean, (median), SD) | −0.18, (−0.06), (1.08) | N.a. | −0.56, (−0.06), (1.27) | 0.02, (0.44), (0.90) |
| Memory function, (mean, (median), SD) | −0.38, (−0.29), (1.02) | N.a. | −0.93, (−0.89), (1.12) | −0.1, (−0.17), (0.84) |
| Executive-attention function (mean, (median), SD) | −0.29, (−0.29), (0.71) | N.a. | −0.69, (−0.73), (0.72) | −0.08, (−0.15), (0.61) |
| Benton judgment of line orientation (mean, SD)# | 12.8 (2.1) | 13.1 (2.0) | 12.0 (2.5)e,h | 13.2 (1.8) |
| Total immediate recall (HVLT) (mean, SD)# | 24.4 (5.0)b | 26.1 (4.5) | 21.8 (5.3)e,h | 25.8 (4.3) |
| Delayed recall (HVLT) (mean, SD)# | 8.4 (2.5)b | 9.3 (2.3) | 7.2 (2.9)e,h | 9.0 (2.1) |
| Letter-number sequencing (mean, SD)# | 10.6 (2.6) | 10.9 (2.6) | 9.4 (2.6)e,h | 11.2 (2.4) |
| Semantic fluency – sum of the three tests (mean, SD)# | 48.8 (11.6)a | 51.9 (11.3) | 44.0 (11.3)e,h | 51.3 (11.0) |
| Phonemic fluency (MoCA) (mean, SD)# | 13.1 (4.7)a | 14.2 (4.3) | 11.6 (4.8)e,h | 13.9 (4.4) |
| Symbol Digit Modalities Test (mean, SD)# | 41.3 (9.7)b | 46.8 (10.7) | 37.1 (11.1)e,h | 43.4 (8.1)j |
Sex, age and education are mean (SD). UPDRS III, months since PD diagnosis, abeta42, t-tau, p-tau181 and α-synuclein are median (25th–75th quartile). Months since PD diagnosis are months between PD diagnosis and the baseline examination. SD = standard deviation. N.a. = not applicable.
Groups compared by the Pearson Chi-Square test,
Groups compared by the t-test for independent samples.
Groups compared by the Fisher's exact test.
Groups compared by the Mann Whitney test.
P-values: a = PD vs HC <0.01, b = PD vs HC <0.001, c = PD-MCI vs PD-NC <0.05, d = PD-MCI vs PD-NC <0.01, e = PD-MCI vs PD-NC <0.001, f = PD-MCI vs HC < 0.05, g = PD-MCI vs HC <0.01, h = PD-MCI vs HC <0.001, i = PD-NC vs HC <0.01, j = PD-NC vs HC <0.001.