Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Genet Metab. 2016 Jul 16;119(1-2):100–108. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.005

Table 2.

Most frequent patients/parents reported symptoms*.

Constitutiona
l
Musculoskeleta
l
Neurological Gastro-Intestinal Cardiac Other
High Frequency symptoms (in >50% of patients)

Chronic
fatigue
61
%
Weakness 50%

Medium frequency symptoms (in 25–50% of patients)

Tempera
ture
instabilit
y

Exercise
intoleran
ce
48
%

42.5
%
Myalgia 38
%
Ptosis
Headaches/Mi
graines
Developmenta
l delay
/Intellectual
disability
30%
28%

27%
Irritable
bowel
syndrome
Dysphagia
33%

25%
Anxiety 25%

Low frequency symptoms (in <25% of patients)

Difficult
y
gaining
weight
Growth
delay
Cachexi
a
Lipoma
12
%

6%
5%
3%
Myoglobin
uria
Rhabdomy
olysis
1.5
%
2%
Myoclonus
PEO
Seizures
Ataxia
Neuropathy
Hypotonia
Spasticity
Dysarthria
Optic Atrophy
Dystonia
Hearing loss
Stroke/TIA
Developmental
regression
Autism
Dementia
20
%
17
%
17
%
17
%
17
%
15
%
15
%
15
%
11
%
10
%
9%
7%
5.5
%
8%
3.7
%
Gastroparesi
s
GI
dysmotility
Nausea/Vo
miting
Pseudoobstr
uction
Steatosis
Pancreatic
dysfunction
Hepatopathy
23%
14%
12%5
%
4.5%
3%
2%
Arrhythmia
s
SOB
Syncope
Cardiomyo
pathy
18
%
11
%
6
%
4
%
Depression
Thyroid
disease
Diabetes
Short
stature
Parathyroi
d disease
Hypogona
dism
Delayed
puberty
Renal
tubulopath
y
19
%
9
%
7
%
7
%
7
%
2
%
3
%
2
%
*

patients reported more than one symptom at a time. For most patients a combination of constitutional, musculoskeletal, neurological and gastro-intestinal complaints were reported in combination.