Table 1.

Acute toxicity for three agrochemicals on H. chinensis tadpoles (n=10)

Concentration (mg/L)	24 h mortality (%)	48 h mortality (%)	72 h mortality (%)
Chlorantraniliprole
0.0	0.0±0.0d	0.0±0.0e	0.0±0.0b
3.3	0.0±0.0d	0.0±0.0e	10.0±10.0b
4.0	10.0±10.0cd	23.3±5.8d	23.3±5.8b
4.8	23.3±15.3c	36.7±5.8c	53.3±20.8a
5.8	60.0±10.0b	76.7±5.8b	76.7±5.8a
6.9	93.3±5.8a	100.0±0.0a
8.3	100.0±0.0a
One-way ANOVA	F6, 14=84.119	F5, 12=303.533	F4, 10=25.194
Flubendiamide-abamectin
0.000	0.0±0.0d	0.0±0.0d	0.0±0.0b
0.013	0.0±0.0d	0.0±0.0d	6.7±5.8b
0.019	23.3±5.8c	36.7±5.8c	60.0±20.0a
0.029	36.7±5.8c	53.3±5.8b	70.0±17.3a
0.044	56.7±15.3b	90.0±10.0a	95.0±7.1a
0.066	83.3±5.8a	100.0±0.0a
0.100	100.0±0.0a
One-way ANOVA	F6, 14=96.467	F5, 12=199.200	F4, 9=26.657
Penoxsulam
0.0	0.0±0.0c	0.0±0.0d	0.0±0.0d
0.8	0.0±0.0c	0.0±0.0d	0.0±0.0d
1.0	13.3±5.8bc	23.3±5.8c	23.3±5.8c
1.3	23.3±5.8bc	46.7±15.3b	60.0±0.0b
1.6	30.0±0.0b	50.0±0.0ab	67.7±5.8b
2.0	46.7±32.1b	70.0±10.0a	93.3±5.8a
2.5	100.0±0.0a
One-way ANOVA	F6, 14=23.222	F5, 12=40.309	F5, 12=241.333

^*P < 0.001; Types with different superscripts differ significantly (Tukey's test, α=0.05, a > b > c > d > e); NS: not significant.