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. 2016 Sep 22;7:1460. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01460

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Copyright © 2016 Bondue, Crèvecoeur, Brose, Daube, Seghaye, Griffiths, LaPointe and Delcenserie.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of CFSM from MRS2 G medium (A), MRS2 medium (B), MRS2-Wh medium (C), and MRS2-3′ SL medium (D) fermented by B. bifidum (light gray) and B. crudilactis (dark gray) on virulence gene expression of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) after 4 h of incubation. Gene expression ratios of E. coli O157:H7 were normalized to the expression of the housekeeping gene recA and compared with those of the unfermented media. Negative values represent down-regulation of genes and positive values represent up-regulation of genes. ^*P ≤ 0.05; ^**P ≤ 0.01.