Table 5.

Effect of CFSM on expression (cycle threshold values ± standard error) of virulence gene expression of S. Typhimurium after 4 h incubation.

Gene	PCR efficiencya (%)	BHI controlb	Test supernatants from unfermented mediac		CFSM from fermented media by B. bifidumd		CFSM from fermented media by B. crudilactise
			MRS2 G	MRS2-3′SL	MRS2 G	MRS2-3′SL	MRS2 G	MRS2-3′SL
gmk	100	23	23.3 ± 0.3	24.4 ± 1.2	23.4 ± 0.4	24.4 ± 1.6	21.8 ± 0.2	25.0 ± 1.6
hilA	91	31.5	28.6 ± 0.2	31.2 ± 0.7	31.4 ± 2.8	32.5 ± 1.2	30.2 ± 0.4	31.3 ± 2.0
ssrB2	115	31.2	28.7 ± 1.1	30.8 ± 0.1	30.9 ± 1.6	31.6 ± 1.6	30.2 ± 0.6	32 ± 2.0
sopD	91	30.1	27.7 ± 0.5	30.2 ± 1.0	29.3 ± 1.6	31.2 ± 1.5	28.9 ± 0.6	30.9 ± 2.1

^aPCR efficiency: E = [(10^(-1/slope))/2] x 100%.

^bS. Typhimurium grown in BHI broth for 4 h.

^cS. Typhimurium grown in BHI broth supplemented with concentrated supernatants from culture media unfermented for 4 h.

^dS. Typhimurium grown in BHI broth supplemented with concentrated supernatants from culture media fermented B. bifidum for 4 h.

^eS. Typhimurium grown in BHI broth supplemented with concentrated supernatants from culture media fermented B. crudilactis for 4 h.