Table 1.

Natural compounds effecting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1 production.

Compound	Effect	Mechanism	Target cell	Reference
Aloe vera extract	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced expression of NLRP3, procaspase-1, and P2X7R Inhibition of ERK, p38, NFκB signaling	THP-1 and human MF	[51]
Aloe emodin	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced expression of NLRP3, procaspase-1, and ASC expression	BMDM	[52]
Aloe emodin	Enhanced survival		NLRP3-KO mice model of septic shock	[52]
Curcumin	Reduced IL-1β and caspase-1 inhibition	Reduced ER stress through AMPK	Mouse hippocampus	[53]
Curcumin		Reduced ROS and TXNIP expression	Neuroblastoma cells	[53]
Curcumin	Reduced IL-1β and caspase-1 inhibition	Lysosome protection	J774A.1	[54]
Curcumin	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced ROS	BMDM	[54]
Curcumin	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced ROS and lysosome damage Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling	Mouse peritoneal MF of septic shock model	[54]
EGCG	Reduced IL-1β and caspase-1 inhibition	Reduced expression of NLRP3 and procaspase-1 and Nrf2 induction	Kidney tissue from SLE mouse model	[55]
EGCG	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced expression of NLRP3 Nrf2 induction	Rat model of contrast-induced nephropathy	[56]
Genipin	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced expression of NLRP3	THP-1	[57]
Genipin	Reduced IL-1β and caspase-1 inhibition	Reduced ASC oligomerization Induced ROS and reduced autophagy	BMDM NLRP3-KO mice	[58]
Ginseng	Reduced IL-1β and caspase-1 inhibition		BMDM, THP-1	[59]
Ginseng	Reduced IL-1β	Inhibition of iNOS and reduced NO and ROS Reduced S-nitrosylation of NLRP3 and caspase-1	RAW264.7, BMDM	[60]
Mangiferin	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced expression of NLRP3 Induced AMPK phosphorylation Reduced ROS and TXNIP expression	Endothelial cells	[61]
Mangiferin	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and iNOS Nrf2 induction	Murine primary hepatocytes	[62]
Propolis	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced ROS	BMDM	[63]
Quercetin	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1	Rat model of streptozotocin- induced diabetic nephropathy	[64]
Quercetin	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1	Rat model of fructose-induced hyperuricemia	[65]
Quercetin	Reduced IL-1β and caspase-1 inhibition	Reduced expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 Reduced ROS and TXNIP expression	Hepatocytes from rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes	[66]
Quercetin	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 Reduced TXNIP expression and NFκB signaling	Hypothalamus of fructose-fed rat	[67]
Quercetin	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced NLRP3 expression and induced AMPK Reduced ROS and TXNIP expression Inhibition of IKKβ	Endothelial cells	[68]
Quercetin	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 Reduced ROS	Rat model of spinal cord injury	[69]
Resveratrol	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced NLRP3 expression and induced Sirt1 expression	Human mesenchymal stem cells	[70]
Resveratrol	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced expression of NLRP3 and ASC Reduced P2X7R and COX-2 expression Reduced ROS and p38 signaling	THP1	[71]
Resveratrol	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced mtDNA release and increased cAMP Increased p38 and JNK signaling	J774A.1	[72]
Resveratrol	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced NLRP3 expression and induced Sirt1 expression	Liver of high fat diet-mice	[73]
Resveratrol	Reduced IL-1β and caspase-1 inhibition	Reduced mtROS Reduced accumulation of acetylated tubulin	BMDM Mouse model of acute gout	[50]
Resveratrol	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced NLRP3 expression and induced Sirt1 expression	BV2 cells Hippocampus of septic mice	[74]
Resveratrol	Reduced IL-1β	Induction of autophagy and AMPK and reduced ROS	Human peritoneal mesothelial cells	[75]
Sulforaphane	Reduced IL-1β and caspase-1 inhibition		BMDM Peritonitis mouse model of acute gout	[28]
Sulforaphane	Reduced IL-1β	Reduced STAT1 signaling and induced Nrf2 translocation	THP-1	[76]
Sulforaphane	Reduced IL-1β and caspase-1 inhibition	Reduced expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 Reduced ROS and reduced mitochondrial dysfunction Activation of AMPK and autophagy	Murine hepatocytes	[77]