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editorial

. 2016 Sep 26;8(9):268–278. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i9.268

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©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Mesenchymal stem cells-mediated regulatory T cell induction. MSCs induce T_reg cells through soluble mediators stimulation, cell-cell interaction, and modulation of antigen-presenting cells. Under inflammatory environment, MSCs secretes TGF-β1, PGE2 and IDO to facilitate the differentiation of naïve T cells to Foxp3⁺T_reg cells. MSCs can also interact with Th17 cells by direct contact via CD54 and C11a/CD18. With the presence of PGE2, differentiated Th17 cells can be converted to functional Foxp3⁺T_reg cells. MSCs can increase the secretion of IL-10 by antigen presenting cells, which will then induce Tr1 cells differentiation. MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; IL: Interleukin; T_reg: Regulatory T; TGF: Transforming growth factor; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.