Table 2.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant profiles in prostate cancer patients.

	Oxidative biomarkers							Antioxidant indicators
	Lipid peroxidation			Protein peroxidation				Endogenous antioxidant								Exogenous antioxidant
	MDA	Microsomal membrane	Isoprostanes	NO2 −/NO3− /iNOS/ cGMP	DNA damage 8-OHdg	Carbonylation	Glycation (CML)	CAT	GSH	GR	GSH-Px	GST	SOD	Bilirubin	Uric acid	Lutein, Lycopen, β-carotein	Vit A	Vit C	Vit E	Total antioxidant (TAS)
Klotz et al 1988				+
Baltaci et al 2001				+
Camphausen et al 2004			NS
Iynem et al 2004	+								−	−	−	+							−
Yilmaz et al 2004	+										−		−
Miyake H 2004					+
Srivastava et al 2005	+								−		−	+
Almushatat et al 2006	+															−
Aydin A et al 2006	+							NS			−		−
Ozmen et al 2006	+																−	−	−
Surapaneni et al 2006	+								−			NS	+
Yossepowitch et al 2007	+														−				+
Kotrikadzet al 2008	+							−	+	+	−		−
Akinloye et al 2009		+						−	−				−	+	−			−	−
Arsova-Sarafinovsk et al 2009	+			+	NS			−			−		−
Hoque et al 2010							NS
Battisit et al 2011	+					+		−	+				+					−	−
Barocas DA et al 2011			+
Wozniak et al 2012	+							NS			−		NS
Brys et al 2013			+												+
Pande et al 2013	+				+	+														−
Kosova et al 2014	+				+
Yang et al 2015			NS				+

+, significant increase in prostate cancer; −, significant decrease in prostate cancer; CAT, catalase; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; CML, carboxymethyl-lysine; GR, glutathione reductase; GSH, glutathione; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; MDA, malondialdehyde; NS, not significant; SOD, superoxide dismutase; Vit, vitamin; 8-isoPGF2, 4-HNE, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal.