Figure 2.

The risk of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia according to the level of WC (a) and HDL-C (b). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses with adjusting for all the dichotomous components of metabolic syndrome in a mutually adjusted state for each and along with the other confounding factors: age, marital status, socio-economic status, smoking history, alcohol usage, physical activity, sexual activity, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL-C, comorbidities which included diabetes, CVD, subclinical ischemic stroke and autoimmune disease, and the baseline BPH components measurements which included PV, Q_max, IPSS and serum PSA levels. Abbreviations: Ref = the reference category.