Table 2. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components at baseline and the incidence of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia at follow-up according to baseline age categories.
| Outcomes | baseline age categories |
p-value5 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 45–49 | 50–54 | 55–59 | ≥60 | ||
| Total | 1,130 | 316 | 371 | 300 | 143 | — |
| MetS1 | 258 | 47 (14.9%) | 83 (22.4%) | 107 (35.7%) | 21 (14.7%) | <0.001 |
| Central obesity1 | 627 | 160 (50.6%) | 224 (60.4%) | 184 (61.3%) | 59 (41.3%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension1 | 537 | 113 (35.8%) | 153 (41.2%) | 174 (58%) | 97 (67.8%) | <0.001 |
| IFG1 | 171 | 43 (13.6%) | 26 (7.0%) | 81 (27%) | 21 (14.7%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia1 | 373 | 72 (22.8%) | 132 (35.6%) | 126 (42%) | 43 (30.1%) | <0.001 |
| Low HDL-C1 | 179 | 40 (12.7%) | 49 (13.2%) | 75 (25.0%) | 13 (9.1%) | <0.001 |
| Clinical diagnosis of BPH2 | 259 | 58 (18.4%) | 85 (22.9%) | 73 (24.3%) | 43 (30.1%) | <0.001 |
| Received medication for BPH3 | 109 | 14 (4.4%) | 26 (7.0%) | 34 (11.3%) | 35 (24.5%) | <0.001 |
| Undergone surgery for BPH3 | 61 | 4 (1.3%) | 8 (2.2%) | 20 (6.7%) | 29 (20.3%) | <0.001 |
| Overall clinical BPH4 | 429 | 76 (24.1%) | 119 (32.1%) | 127 (42.3%) | 107 (74.8%) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: MetS = metabolic syndrome; IFG = impaired fasting glucose; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BPH = benign prostatic hyperplasia.
1Criteria for metabolic syndrome and the positive individual components of the metabolic syndrome were defined by the statement from the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity (Alberti et al.)6.
2Criteria for the clinical diagnosis of BPH was defined by the statement from the 2011 Chinese Guideline for BPH.
3The defined cases of “clinically significant BPH”.
4The overall clinical BPH was defined as to either a clinical diagnosis of BPH or histories of specific treatment for BPH.
5Mantel-Haenszel extension test for trend. Bold indicates statistically significant.