Table 2. Measured cellular concentrations of key metabolic enzymes, components of the cellular proteostasis machineries, proteins involved in growth regulation, glycogen synthesis and lipid catabolism.
| Protein names | copy number (AL) | copy number (RES) | copy number (AL-RES) | T-test (AL-RES)* | copy number (CU) | copy number (CU-RES) | T-test (CU-RES) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cps1, Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (M) | 44125 | 70441 | −26316 | 0.001 | 60291 | −10150 | 0.087 |
| Etfb, Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta (M) | 9357 | 12041 | −2684 | 0.015 | 11318 | −723 | 0.433 |
| Hsd17b10, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 (M) | 7431 | 11123 | −3692 | 0.001 | 7808 | −3315 | 0.057 |
| Mdh2, Malate dehydrogenase (M) | 8402 | 10195 | −1793 | 0.048 | 10160 | −34 | 0.984 |
| Echs1, Enoyl-CoA hydratase (M) | 4593 | 6930 | −2337 | 0.006 | 5301 | −1629 | 0.042 |
| HSPA5, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, GRP78, BiP, (ER) | 8050 | 5968 | 2082 | 0.013 | 7240 | 1272 | 0.045 |
| St2a2, Alcohol sulfotransferase A (C) | 2661 | 5046 | −2385 | 0.006 | 4903 | −143 | 0.888 |
| Aldh1a1, Retinal dehydrogenase 1 (C) | 3273 | 4629 | −1356 | 0.028 | 4470 | −159 | 0.826 |
| Got1, Aspartate aminotransferase, (C) | 3190 | 4298 | −1108 | 0.036 | 5063 | 765 | 0.199 |
| HSPA8, Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (C) | 5261 | 4270 | 991 | 0.008 | 6381 | 2111 | 0.003 |
| Hadha, Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha (M) | 3294 | 3920 | −625 | 0.033 | 3412 | −507 | 0.296 |
| Eci1, Enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 1 (M) | 2002 | 3816 | −1814 | 0 | 3431 | −385 | 0.241 |
| Idh2, Isocitrate dehydrogenase (M) | 2772 | 3741 | −969 | 0.006 | 3102 | −639 | 0.039 |
| Gnmt, Glycine N-methyltransferase (C) | 2178 | 3355 | −1177 | 0.013 | 2893 | −462 | 0.199 |
| HSP90b1, Endoplasmin, GRP94 (ER) | 4518 | 3180 | 1338 | 0.002 | 4079 | 899 | 0.029 |
| Hibadh, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (M) | 1836 | 2957 | −1121 | 0.003 | 2399 | −558 | 0.034 |
| Ugt1a1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (ER) | 1652 | 2547 | −895 | 0.056 | 1830 | −717 | 0.121 |
| Dmgdh, Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (M) | 1784 | 2498 | −715 | 0.028 | 1965 | −533 | 0.078 |
| Gcdh, Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (M) | 1547 | 2479 | −932 | 0.002 | 1913 | −566 | 0.131 |
| Suclg2, Succinyl-CoA ligase subunit beta (M) | 1404 | 1971 | −567 | 0.003 | 1622 | −349 | 0.049 |
| Slc25a20, Carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein (M) * | 1642 | 1934 | −291 | 0.391 | 1613 | −321 | 0.218 |
| Sardh, Sarcosine dehydrogenase (M) | 1111 | 1537 | −426 | 0.04 | 1380 | −157 | 0.442 |
| Cpt2, Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 (M) | 1044 | 1480 | −436 | 0.006 | 1235 | −245 | 0.144 |
| Pygl, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form (C)* | 1500 | 1333 | 168 | 0.394 | 1457 | 124 | 0.568 |
| Dhtkd1, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 (M) | 1013 | 1328 | −315 | 0.02 | 1098 | −230 | 0.175 |
| Aco2, Aconitate hydratase (M) | 944 | 1325 | −380 | 0.009 | 1286 | −38 | 0.796 |
| Pdhb, Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta (M)* | 934 | 1084 | −150 | 0.102 | 1039 | −44 | 0.723 |
| Acadsb, Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (M) | 679 | 1002 | −323 | 0.001 | 672 | −330 | 0.001 |
| Pdha1, Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (M)* | 681 | 779 | −98 | 0.162 | 713 | −66 | 0.281 |
| Psma1-7 ; Psmb1-7, Proteasome 20S subunit (C)* | 595 | 557 | 38 | 0.582 | 584 | 27 | 0.706 |
| Alt1, Alanine aminotransferase (C) | 134 | 546 | −412 | 0.005 | 571 | 25 | 0.868 |
| Sec13, Protein SEC13 homolog (C, ER, N) | 491 | 321 | 171 | 0.009 | 404 | 83 | 0.118 |
| Gys2, Glycogen [starch] synthase, liver (C) | 69 | 147 | −78 | 0.043 | 74 | −74 | 0.056 |
| Pdk2, Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2 (M) | 63 | 114 | −50 | 0.034 | 47 | −67 | 0.011 |
| Pcna, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (N) | 127 | 70 | 57 | 0.046 | 152 | 82 | 0.008 |
| Atg3, Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 (C) | 94 | 63 | 31 | 0.004 | 83 | 20 | 0.295 |
| Srp54, Signal recognition particle 54 kDa protein (C) | 44 | 32 | 12 | 0.02 | 40 | 9 | 0.054 |
| Stat5b, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (C,N) | 27 | 15 | 11 | 0.01 | 21 | 6 | 0.083 |
| Pdk4, [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4 (M)* | 1 | 9 | −8 | 0.098 | 1 | −9 | 0.071 |
| Igfbp1, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (S) | 1 | 6 | −5 | 0.005 | 0 | −6 | 0.002 |
| Atg7, Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 (C)* | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0.745 | 3 | 1 | 0.221 |
| Igfals, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile subunit (S) | 12 | 3 | 10 | 0.014 | 9 | 6 | 0.168 |
| Igf1, Insulin-like growth factor I (S) | 55 | 2 | 53 | 0.015 | 9 | 7 | 0.094 |
| Cdk9, Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (N) * | 1 | 2 | −1 | 0.294 | 0 | −2 | 0.222 |
| Nr3c1, Glucocorticoid receptor (C,M,N)* | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.395 | 2 | 1 | 0.479 |
| Becn1, Beclin-1 (ER, G, M) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.081 | 1 | 1 | 0.146 |
| Sqstm1, Sequestosome-1 | 4 | 2 | −2 | 0.500 | 31 | 28 | 0.500 |
| Atg2a, Autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A (C) * | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.313 | 1 | 1 | 0.280 |
Quantities of individual proteins mentioned in text expressed in copy numbers of polypeptide per micron cube of liver cell. Red: Chaperone proteins. Proteins with asterisks have a non-significant variation between RES and AL. Presumed cellular localization: C-cytosol, ER-endoplasmic reticulum, G-Golgi, M-mitochondrion, N-nucleus, S-secreted