Table 1.

Factors altering microbiota homeostasis during allo-HSCT and proposed therapies targeting restoration in intestinal microbial diversity

Dysbiosis (→ Inflammation/epithelial damage)	Eubiosis (→ Immune regulation/epithelial restoration)
GVHD	Growth factors (KGF)
Conditioning chemotherapy/irradiation	Probiotics (Lactobacillus)
Antimicrobial therapy	Cellular therapy (ISC, MSC)
Alloreactivity	Cytokines (IL-22)
Supplemental nutrition (intralipids)	SCFA (butyrate/acetate)
Mucositis	Polysaccharide A/vitamin A
Infection (viral/bacterial)	Antimicrobial peptides (REGIIIα)
	Reduced intensity conditioning
	Narrow-spectrum antimicrobials