Table 2.

Influence of maternal stress on the immune biomarkers in umbilical cord blood

Maternal stress	IL-12		IL-β		IL-4		IL-5		IL-6		IL-8		TNF-α
	Below/ abovea	OR, 95 % CI	Below/ above	OR, 95 % CI	Below/ above	OR, 95 % CI	Below/ above	OR, 95 % CI	Below/ above	OR, 95 % CI	Below/ above	OR, 95 % CI	Below/ above	OR, 95 % CI
Prenatal perceived stress
Continuous	30/13	1.11,0.99–1.25	37/6	1.10,0.96–1.27	30/13	1.05,0.95–1.17	35/8	1.09, 0.95–1.24	37/6	1.23, 1.02–1.48	22/21	1.19, 1.05–1.35	23/20	1.06,0.96–1.16
State anxiety
Continuous	30/13	1.01, 0.95–1.06	37/6	1.08,0.99–1.17	30/13	1.05,0.99–1.11	35/8	1.03,0.96–1.10	37/6	1.02,0.94–1.10	22/21	1.06, 1.00–1.12	23/20	1.01, 0.96–1.07
Trait anxiety
Continuous	30/13	1.04,0.98–1.11	37/6	1.11, 1.01–1.22	30/13	1.09, 1.01–1.17	35/8	1.07,0.99–1.16	37/6	1.09,0.99–1.19	22/21	1.05,0.99–1.11	23/20	1.00 0.95–1.05
Stress life event – partner (negative)
0	24/9	1.00	31/2	1.00	25/8	1.00	26/7	1.00	28/5	1.00	19/14	1.00	18/15	1.00
>0	6/4	2.12,0.46–9.76	6/4	8.18, 1.13–59.02	5/5	3.42, 0.75–15.52	9/1	0.49, 0.05–4.72	9/1	0.76, 0.07–7.68	3/7	3.83, 0.80–18.45	5/5	1.10,0.26–4.64
Stress life event—health (negative)
0	25/9	1.00	31/3	1.00	25/9	1.00	30/4	1.00	31/3	1.00	20/14	1.00	20/14	1.00
>0	5/4	2.68, 0.56–12.86	6/3	4.02,0.61–26.51	5/4	2.38,0.51–11.23	5/4	9.08, 1.46–56.52	6/3	7.73, 1.06–56.62	2/7	6.09, 1.05–35.37	3/6	2.68, 0.56–12.83

Logistic regression model used and adjusted by gestational age

OR odds ratio, 95 % CI 95 % confidence interval

^aBelow/above: number of <LOD and ≥LOD