Table 2. Characteristics of the colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. clinical isolates, France, January–December 2014 (n = 43) .

Isolate	Site of isolation	Origin	MIC CSa	mgrB genotype	Carbapenemase	Associated beta-lactamase	Co-resistancesb	ST	PFGE
1	?	Picardie	32	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT	11	A
2	Catheter	Picardie	8	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
3	Rectal swab	Picardie	4	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
4	Rectal swab	Picardie	4	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
5	Rectal swab	Picardie	64	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
6	Urine	Picardie	32	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
7	Rectal swab	Picardie	64	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
8	Wound	Picardie	4	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
9	Respiratory	Picardie	4	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
10	Rectal swab	Picardie	4	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
11	Rectal swab	Picardie	8	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
12	Rectal swab	Picardie	64	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
13	Rectal swab	Picardie	8	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
14	Rectal swab	Picardie	4	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
15	Rectal swab	Picardie	4	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	11	A
16	Rectal swab	Nord-Pas-de-Calais	128	IS1R in promoter region (between nt −45 and −46)	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	147	B
17	Rectal swab	Ile-de-France	128	mgrB WT	NDM	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	147	C
18	Rectal swab	PACA	>128	ISKpn26-like in coding region (between nt +74 and +75)	KPC	-	CIP AK SXT TIG	258	D
19	Rectal swab	Rhône-Alpes	128	MgrB truncated (27 amino acids)	KPC	-	CIP AK SXT TIG	258	E
20	Blood	PACA	16	Full gene deletionc	KPC	-	CIP AK SXT TIG	258	F
21	Rectal swab	Lorraine	64	Single nucleotide deletion (nt 74)	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM	101	G
22	Rectal swab	Ile-de-France	32	Single nucleotide deletion (nt 23)	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM	101	H
23	Rectal swab	Ile-de-France	64	IS1R in promoter region (between nt −36 and −37)	OXA-48 + NDM	CTX-M-15	CIP GM	101	I
24	Urine	PACA	64	IS1R in promoter region (between nt −45 and −46)	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	101	J
25	Abcess	Ile-de-France	32	MgrB M27K	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM	101	K
26	Urine	Pays de la Loire	128	Duplication of 19 nucleotides	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP SXT FOS	101	L
27	Urine	PACA	64	IS1R in coding region (between nt +21 and +22)	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	307	M
28	Rectal swab	PACA	64	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG FOS	307	M
29	Rectal swab	PACA	64	IS5-like in coding region (between nt +74 and +75)	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	307	M
30	Urine	PACA	>128	Full gene deletionb	OXA-48	-	CIP GM AK SXT TIG FOS	611	N
31	Rectal swab	Ile-de-France	32	ISKpn14-like in promoter region (between nt −45 and −46)	OXA-48	-	CIP GM SXT TIG	23	O
32	Rectal swab	PACA	32	IS102-like in coding region (between nt +36 and +37)	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT TIG	20	P
33	Respiratory	Ile-de-France	32	IS1R in promoter region (between nt −61 and −62)	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP SXT TIG FOS		Q
34	Blood	PACA	>128	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	CIP SXT TIG	39	R
35	Rectal swab	PACA	32	MgrB truncated (32 amino acids)	OXA-48	-	FOS	13	S
36	Rectal swab	Nord-Pas-de-Calais	64	mgrB WT	OXA-48 + VIM	CTX-M-15	CIP GM SXT	NA	T
37	Stools	Languedoc-Roussillon	64	mgrB WT	OXA-48	CTX-M-15	GM AK	NA	U
38	Respiratory	Ile-de-France	32	mgrB WT	VIM	-	SXT TIG	NA	V
39	Rectal swab	PACA	>128	mgrB WT	OXA-48	-	CIP GM SXT TIG	NA	W
40	Rectal swab	Ile-de-France	16	mgrB WT	OXA-48	-	FOS	NA	X
41	Rectal swab	PACA	>128	mgrB WT	IMP	CTX-M-2	No	NA	Y
42	Respiratory	Rhône-Alpes	>128	mgrB WT	OXA-48	-	TIG	NA	Z
43	Urine	Nord-Pas-de-Calais	>128	mgrB WT	VIM-1	-	CIP TIG	NA	α

Isolates 1-35: Klebsiella pneumoniae; 36–42: Enterobacter cloacae; 43: Enterobacter asburiae.

AK: amikacin; CIP: ciprofloxacin; CS: colistin; FOS: fosfomycin; GM: gentamicin; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; NA: not applicable; nt: nucleotide; PACA: Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur; PFGE: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; ST: sequence type; SXT: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; TIG: tigecycline; WT: wildtype.

^a MIC of colistin determined by broth microdilution method.

^b Resistant or intermediate susceptibility to antibiotic.

^c Full gene deletion: no PCR product was detected with external or internal primers.