Figure 4.

Illustration of the objects (i) atom, (ii) particle, (iii) chain, and (iv) hierarchical structure and their relations. Here, the atom possesses the hard‐core radius R, charge q (dark blue), and dipole moment m (red); the particle is composed of three atoms of two different types (yellow and light green) positioned in a local coordinate system (x′y′z′); the chain is composed of four particles of two different types (green and orange); and finally the hierarchical structure is made of chains of four different types (green, orange, purple, and blue). [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]