Table 3.

Associations between Distress Rating and Observer Type

	Pre-Exam		Positioning		Prophylaxis/ Exam/Fluoride		Post-Exam
Pairwise Comparison	Mean Difference	p-value	Mean Difference	p-value	Mean Difference	p-value	Mean Difference	p-value
Overall		0.02*		0.61*		0.04*		<0.001*
Dentist vs Parent	0.46	0.07**	0.20	>0.999**	0.17	>0.999**	0.25	0.87**
Independent Observer vs Parent	0.52	0.04**	0.26	>0.999**	0.78	0.04**	1.38	<0.001**
Independent Observer vs Dentist	0.06	>0.999**	0.06	>0.999**	0.61	0.17**	1.14	<0.001**

^*P-value testing overall association between distress rating and observer type calculated using one-way ANOVA

^**P-value testing the association between distress ratings of two observers calculated using a post-hoc Bonferroni comparison