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. 2015 Jun 16;17(10):1050–1056. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.300

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of heart failure patients by treatment arm

Open‐label phase Randomized phase
ZS‐9 10 g (n = 94) Placebo (n = 26) ZS‐9 dose
5 g (n = 18) 10 g (n = 18) 15 g (n = 25)
Median age, years (range) 69.0 (36–89) 69.0 (45–82) 70.5 (48–89) 69.0 (46–85) 68.0 (36–82)
Sex, n (%)
Male 60 (63.8) 16 (61.5) 12 (66.7) 9 (50.0) 20 (80.0)
Female 34 (36.2) 10 (38.5) 6 (33.3) 9 (50.0) 5 (20.0)
Race, n (%)
White 81 (86.2) 22 (84.6) 16 (88.9) 15 (83.3) 21 (84.0)
Black/African American 12 (12.8) 3 (11.5) 2 (11.1) 3 (16.7) 4 (16.0)
Serum potassium, n (%)
<5.5 mmol/L 40 (42.6) 12 (46.2) 6 (33.3) 6 (33.3) 11 (44.0)
5.5 to <6.0 mmol/L 42 (44.7) 10 (38.5) 11 (61.1) 9 (50.0) 11 (44.0)
≥6.0 mmol/L 12 (12.8) 4 (15.4) 1 (5.6) 3 (16.7) 3 (12.0)
eGFR, n (%)
<30 mL/min.1.73 m2 39 (41.4) 8 (30.8) 8 (44.4) 9 (50.0) 10 (40)
<60 mL/min.1.73 m2 76 (80.9) 22 (84.6) 13 (72.2) 16 (88.9) 20 (80.0)
Comorbidities, n (%)a
Chronic kidney disease 71 (75.5) 19 (73.1) 12 (66.7) 15 (83.3) 18 (72.0)
Diabetes mellitus 67 (71.3) 18 (69.2) 13 (72.2) 16 (88.9) 17 (68.0)
Heart failure 94 (100) 26 (100) 18 (100) 18 (100) 25 (100)
RAASi medication, n (%) 65 (69.1) 21 (80.8) 11 (61.1) 14 (77.8) 14 (56.0)
ACEi 41 (43.6) 18 (69.2) 5 (27.8) 7 (38.9) 11 (44.0)
ARB 22 (23.4) 3 (11.5) 5 (27.8) 6 (33.3) 3 (12.0)
MRA 10 (10.6) 4 (15.4) 2 (11.1) 2 (11.1) 1 (4.0)

ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin‐receptor blockers; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; RAASi, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor.

a

History of chronic kidney disease or diabetes mellitus collected at study entry.