Table 5.
Significant multiple logistic regression results (P<0.01) for high number of outpatient visits (75th percentile) 1 year post-OD among patients with one or more ODs (N=2,039)
| Variablesa | OR | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mental health disorder pre-OD | 1.52 | 1.20–1.92 | <0.001 |
| Geisinger PCP pre-OD | 1.97 | 1.29–3.02 | 0.002 |
| CVD pre-OD | 1.62 | 1.23–2.12 | 0.001 |
| Commercial/private insurance pre-OD | 1.74 | 1.39–2.19 | <0.001 |
| Opioid Rx orders 1–2 pre-OD vs none | 2.32 | 1.68–3.20 | <0.001 |
| Opioid Rx orders 3–8 pre-OD vs none | 3.33 | 2.36–4.72 | <0.001 |
| Opioid Rx orders 9+ pre-OD vs none | 4.62 | 3.20–6.68 | <0.001 |
| Cancer pre-OD | 1.70 | 1.26–2.30 | <0.001 |
Notes: Area under the ROC curve =0.74; Hosmer–Lemeshow test = P>0.79. Results shown are for significant variables that were retained in the final model with a P-value of <0.01. All patients had one or more ICD-9-coded ODs during the study period.
Age (in years) and male sex were also included in the logistic regression model, resulting in an adjusted age OR =1.01, P=0.004, and an adjusted male sex OR =0.76, P=0.017, in the final stepwise model.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases-9; OD, opioid overdose; OR, odds ratio; PCP, primary care physician; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; Rx, prescription.