Fig 1. Mechanical representation of the cell.

Left: Lagrangian elastic boundary of the cell with stretching stiffness k_s, bending stiffness k_b and integration points X(s,t), immersed in an Eulerian lattice with positions x. Right: Mechanical representation of a cell attached to a scaffold, approximated through the use of a cortical shell model with stretching and bending stiffness (resp. k_s and k_b), volume compression modulus K and nucleus stiffness E_n. Discrete attachment points representing focal adhesions (FA) connect the cell to the rigid scaffold.