Fig 1. Comparison of changes in HbA_1C and diabetes-related GP visits between ICS and non-ICS cohorts.

Mild-to-moderate COPD patients identified by GOLD groups A and B. *Adjusted for number of acute courses of OCS and diagnosis of pneumonia during baseline, time between baseline and outcome HbA_1c readings, and acute OCS use between index date and outcome HbA_1c readings. ^†Adjusted for diagnosis of GORD in baseline, baseline HbA_1c, and duration of diabetes. ^‡Adjusted for number of acute OCS courses during baseline and time between baseline and outcome HbA_1c readings. ^§Adjusted for baseline HbA_1c and duration of diabetes.CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HbA_1c = glycated haemoglobin; ICS = inhaled corticosteroids; GORD = gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; GP = general practice; OCS = oral corticosteroids.