Table 3. Risk of acute coronary syndrome and effect of cumulative days of continuous antipsychotic treatment (no use as the reference group).
| Cases (n = 147) | Controls (n = 2940) | Multivariate Adjusted Model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic, n (%) | Adjusted risk ratioa | 95% CI | P-value | ||
| Chlorpromazine | |||||
| No use | 93 (63.3) | 2064 (70.2) | Reference | – | – |
| >30 days | 39 (26.5) | 767 (26.1) | 1.11 | 0.68–1.81 | 0.671 |
| 0–30 days | 15 (10.2) | 109 (3.7) | 3.04** | 1.42–6.50 | 0.004 |
| Haloperidol | |||||
| No use | 19 (12.9) | 524 (17.8) | Reference | – | – |
| >30 days | 88 (59.9) | 2012 (68.4) | 1.25 | 0.64–2.44 | 0.506 |
| 0–30 days | 40 (27.2) | 404 (13.7) | 2.46* | 1.13–5.36 | 0.024 |
| Flupentixol | |||||
| No use | 91 (61.9) | 1734 (59.0) | Reference | – | – |
| >30 days | 45 (30.6) | 1009 (34.3) | 0.68 | 0.42–1.09 | 0.106 |
| 0–30 days | 11 (7.5) | 197 (6.7) | 1.01 | 0.41–2.51 | 0.985 |
| Sulpiride | |||||
| No use | 32 (21.8) | 761 (25.9) | Reference | – | – |
| >30 days | 80 (54.4) | 1768 (60.1) | 1.01 | 0.59–1.72 | 0.980 |
| 0–30 days | 35 (23.8) | 411 (14.0) | 1.73 | 0.89–3.38 | 0.108 |
| Clozapine | |||||
| No use | 134 (91.2) | 2448 (83.3) | Reference | – | – |
| >30 days | 8 (5.4) | 219 (7.5) | 0.68 | 0.28–1.62 | 0.381 |
| 0–30 days | 5 (3.4) | 273 (9.3) | 0.38 | 0.13–1.09 | 0.073 |
| Olanzapine | |||||
| No use | 108 (73.5) | 2170 (73.8) | Reference | – | – |
| >30 days | 35 (23.8) | 563 (19.2) | 1.16 | 0.70–1.92 | 0.559 |
| 0–30 days | 4 (2.7) | 207 (7.0) | 0.12 | 0.01–1.89 | 0.132 |
| Quetiapine | |||||
| No use | 94 (64.0) | 2233 (76.0) | Reference | – | – |
| >30 days | 36 (24.5) | 526 (17.9) | 1.26 | 0.76–2.09 | 0.366 |
| 0–30 days | 17 (11.6) | 181 (6.2) | 1.99 | 0.96–4.10 | 0.063 |
| Zotepine | |||||
| No use | 112 (76.2) | 2321 (79.0) | Reference | – | – |
| >30 days | 28 (19.1) | 496 (16.9) | 0.99 | 0.57–1.72 | 0.978 |
| 0–30 days | 7 (4.8) | 123 (4.2) | 1.29 | 0.49–3.37 | 0.606 |
| Risperidone | |||||
| No use | 59 (40.1) | 1172 (39.9) | Reference | – | – |
| >30 days | 63 (42.9) | 1192 (40.5) | 0.72 | 0.44–1.17 | 0.186 |
| 0–30 days | 25 (17.0) | 576 (19.6) | 0.58 | 0.30–1.13 | 0.111 |
| Amisulpride | |||||
| No use | 128 (87.1) | 2612 (88.8) | Reference | – | – |
| >30 days | 10 (6.8) | 219 (7.5) | 0.91 | 0.41–2.02 | 0.811 |
| 0–30 days | 9 (6.1) | 109 (3.7) | 0.91 | 0.32–2.54 | 0.851 |
| Aripiprazole | |||||
| No use | 137 (93.2) | 2783 (94.7) | Reference | – | – |
| >30days | 4 (2.7) | 112 (3.8) | 0.41 | 0.09–1.79 | 0.235 |
| 0–30 days | 6 (4.1) | 45 (1.5) | 3.56* | 1.24–10.27 | 0.019 |
*P<0.05.
**P<0.01.
aAdjusted for Charlson comorbidity index at the first admission and the following variables within 180 days before the index date, including the number of psychiatric hospital admissions, substance use disorders, physical illnesses, and concomitant medications (listed in Table 1).