Figure 1.

Approach to a patient with evolving pulmonary dysfunction after allogeneic HSCT. ^∗A short course of corticosteroids without taper is suggested for engraftment syndrome. Doses ≤2 mg/kg/day may be used for DAH. Inhaled steroids are recommended for BOS. A prolonged course of steroids may be necessary for COP. PFT, pulmonary function test; BAL, broncho-alveolar lavage; DAH, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; BOS, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; COP, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia; NIPPV, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; HFOV, high-frequency ventilation; ECMO, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation.