Table 4.

Overview of Studies on Outcome after ARF for Children after Transplantation Requiring Mechanical Ventilation

Study Design	Enrollment Period	Ventilated HSCT Patients, n	PICU Survival, %	Long-Term Survival	Factors Associated with Mortality	Reference
Retrospective	1983-1996	121	16	N/A	Respiratory failure, pulmonary dysfunction, >1 organ dysfunction	[97]
Retrospective	1990-1999	86	41	20% 2 yr	Hepatic dysfunction, use of HFOV	[98]
Retrospective	1991-2000	34	24	N/A	Male gender, MOF ≥3, hemorrhagic cystitis, GVHD grades III-IV	[99]
Prospective	1993-2001	24	21	17% 1 yr	MOF	[100]
Retrospective	1994-1998	31	42	13% 6 mo	MV >48 hr	[101]
Retrospective	1998-2001	13	15	NR	MV >5 d	[102]
Retrospective	1992-2004	65	∗59	54% 100 d	PaO2/FiO2 <300, PEEP >8 cm 24 hours, no survivor HFOV	[103]
Meta-analysis	1973-2004	822	29	N/A	Pulmonary infection	[104]
Retrospective	1996-2004	206	45	18% 6 mo	Previous intubation within 6 months, hepatic/cardiac failure	[105]
Retrospective	2000-2006	36	31	25% 6 mo	MV >7 d, CRRT >7 d, pressor support	[106]
Retrospective	2002-2009	28	31	N/A	†Oxygenation index ≥25 associated with100% mortality	[107]
Retrospective	2004-2010	88	39	N/A	CRRT	[108]

PICU, pediatric intensive care-unit; N/A, not available; MOF, multi-organ failure; MV, mechanical ventilation; NR, not reported.

^∗During the period 2000-2004.

^†Oxygenation index is defined as FiO₂/PaO₂ x mean airway pressure.