Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 292 study participants according HIV status, Baltimore, Maryland
| Characterisitic | HIV-negative (n=100) |
HIV-positive (n=192) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 19 (19) | 67 (35) | 0.005 |
| Age, years, median (P25, P75) | 49 (45, 54) | 49 (45, 53) | 0.59 |
| African American, n (%) | 92 (92) | 181 (94) | 0.46 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.80 | ||
| Never | 27 (27) | 46 (24) | |
| Past | 12 (12) | 22 (11) | |
| Current | 61 (61) | 124 (65) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 21 (21) | 67 (35) | 0.016 |
| Taking antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 19 (19) | 63 (33) | 0.014 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, median (P25, P75) | 126 (113, 135) | 119 (108, 131) | 0.007 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, median (P25, P75) | 27 (23, 33) | 25 (23, 31) | 0.15 |
| eGFR*, mL/min/1.73m2, median (P25, P75) | 103 (91, 114) | 103 (84, 118) | 0.74 |
| ≥90 mL/min/1.73m2, n (%) | 76 (76) | 131 (68) | 0.10 |
| 60–89 mL/min/1.73m2, n (%) | 24 (24) | 54 (28) | |
| <60 mL/min/1.73m2, n (%) | 0 | 7 (4) | |
| Total to HDL cholesterol ratio, median (P25, P75) | 3.1 (2.4, 4.1) | 3.1 (2.5, 4.2) | 0.87 |
| Using HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, n (%) | 4 (4) | 27 (14) | 0.008 |
| Self-reported history of CVD†, n (%) | 4 (4) | 21 (11) | 0.05 |
| ACC/AHA CVD risk score†, median (P25, P75) | 6.1 (3.6, 9.8) | 5.2 (2.2, 9.0) | 0.095 |
| Cocaine use§, n (%) | 0.002 | ||
| Never | 31 (31) | 26 (14) | |
| Past | 24 (24) | 58 (30) | |
| Current | 45 (45) | 108 (56) | |
| Active hepatitis C virus, n (%) | 23 (23) | 92 (48) | <0.001 |
| Time since enrollment in HIV clinic, years, median (P25, P75) | - | 8.1 (3.5, 12.2) | - |
| History of AIDS-defining condition, n (%) | - | 48 (25) | - |
| Nadir CD4 cell count, cells/mm3, median (P25, P75) | - | 146 (43, 302) | - |
| Taking antiretroviral therapy, n (%) | - | 175 (91) | - |
| Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor, n (%) | - | 127 (66) | - |
| Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, n (%) | - | 47 (24) | - |
| Integrase strand transfer inhibitor, n (%) | - | 40 (21) | - |
| Tenofovir, n (%) | - | 130 (68) | - |
| Abacavir, n (%) | - | 30 (16) | - |
| Current CD4 cell count, cells/mm3, median (P25, P75) | - | 467 (248, 627) | - |
| HIV RNA < 400 copies/mL, N (%) | - | 152 (79) | - |
| Number of study visits completed, median (P25, P75) | 6 (5, 7) | 6 (6, 7) | 0.005 |
HDL, high density lipoprotein; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
Glomerular filtration rate estimated with serum creatinine using the CKD-EPI equation.
25 participants reported one or more prior CVD events at baseline including 1) “heart attack” (n=5), “open heart surgery for blocked blood vessels” (n=2), “balloon treatment or stent placed in heart” (n=1), or “stroke or mini-stroke” (n=21).
ACC/AHA CVD risk score25 is the predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease derived from an equation that includes age, sex, race, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and use of antihypertensive medication. Point estimates are expressed per 5 percentage point increase in the risk score.
Cocaine use categorized for each participant on the basis of self-report and urine drug tests obtained over the course of study observation (see text for details).