Fig. 3.
LPS-stimulated macrophages promoted atrial electrical remodeling. a Chronic LPS injection into canines induced pro-inflammatory macrophages. Immunostaining was performed on sections of atrial myocardium prepared from control and LPS-treated canine hearts using mac-2 antibody. Arrow indicates a mac-2-positive macrophage. b The statistical result of a. c Representative results of AF incidence in canines injected with PBS (control) or with LPS are shown. d Representative results of AERP in canines injected with PBS (control) or with LPS are shown. e, f Statistical analysis of AF incidence (c) and AERP (d). n = 7 and 6 for control and LPS-stimulated groups, respectively. *p < 0.05 vs. control group