Table 2.
Study Cohorts: Baseline Characteristics of People Included in the HealthImpact Training (Development), Internal Validation, and External Validation Cohorts
| Training (N = 473,049) | Internal Validation (N = 303,025) | External Validation (N = 2,000,000) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 45.76 (13.65) | 44.21 (13.67) | 44.12 (12.66) |
| Gender, male, N (%) | 211,638 (44.74) | 145,148 (47.90) | 967,243 (48.36) |
| Enrollment, years, mean (SD) | |||
| Prior to diagnosis | 5.56 (2.06) | 5.51 (2.03) | 3.65 (2.56) |
| Following diagnosis | 1.84 (1.20) | 1.83 (1.22) | 2.11 (1.26) |
| Race/ethnicity, N (%) | |||
| High (>24%) minority | 168,124 (35.54) | 110,110 (36.34) | 761,026 (38.05) |
| Medium (9–24%) minority | 175,568 (37.11) | 111,461 (36.78) | 718,080 (35.90) |
| Low (<9%) minority | 168,124 (35.54) | 110,110 (36.34) | 520,894 (26.04) |
| Comorbidities, N (%) | |||
| Ischemic heart disease | 29,678 (6.27) | 14,343 (4.73) | 85,142 (4.26) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 16,189 (3.42) | 7,967 (2.63) | 43,496 (2.17) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 10,225 (2.16) | 4,921 (1.62) | 27,334 (1.37) |
| Hypertension | 140,297 (29.66) | 72,234 (23.84) | 427,801 (21.39) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 172,103 (36.38) | 93,438 (30.84) | 563,822 (28.19) |
| Obesity | 34,036 (7.20) | 18,238 (6.02) | 92,694 (4.63) |
| Elevated blood glucose | 16,441 (3.48) | 7,883 (2.60) | 28,572 (1.43) |
| Gestational diabetes | 3,522 (0.74) | 1,847 (0.61) | 10,001 (0.50) |
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome | 3,413 (0.72) | 1,761 (0.58) | 10,750 (0.54) |
| Medication number, mean (SD) | 1.32 (1.83) | 1.00 (1.62) | 0.85 (1.49) |
| Clinical encounters per year, mean (SD) | |||
| Prior to diagnosis | 4.88 (6.16) | 3.97 (5.31) | 3.72 (4.98) |
| Following diagnosis | 10.26 (14.27) | 8.58 (12.47) | 9.50 (13.19) |
| Observation duration, months, median (IQR) | 62.8 (47.6, 86.8) | 62.8 (47.6, 86.8) | 38.3 (21.1, 53.6) |