Figure 5.

Data processing of the vaTIRFM images presented in Fig. 4: $z_0$ image (A) and the corresponding distance histogram (B), $\Delta z_0$ image (C), and the error histogram (D), $n_{\text{eff}}$ image (E). From image (A), one can calculate the mean membrane/substrate distance $\langle z_0\rangle$ = 143 nm and the standard deviation ${\sigma }_{z_0}$ = 35 nm. From image (C), one can also calculate the mean $z_0$ error $\langle \Delta z_0\rangle$ = 13 nm and the standard deviation ${\sigma }_{\Delta z_0}$ = 8 nm. Scale bar = 20 μm. (A) The red arrow indicates the direction of migration. To see this figure in color, go online.