Table 5.

Cases by type of scan (2005–2012).

Type of scan	Number of case reports (all cases civil and criminal)	Number of reported cases in which those accused of criminal offenses used neuroscientific evidence
EEG or electroencephalography	43	6
fMRI or ‘Functional magnetic resonance imaging’	1	0
‘Magnetic resonance imaging’ or MRI	278	21
‘cat scan’ or ‘Computed tomography’ or ‘ct scan’	277	17
‘pet scan’ or ‘Positron emission tomography’	4	0
‘SPECT scan’ or ‘single photon emission computed tomography’	4	1
‘Brain scan’a	55	4

^a‘Brain scan’ was not part of our search terms. Cases where the term brain scan arose were, however, caught by the fact that ‘brain’ was one of our search terms. The four cases identified in the right-hand column are cases in which evidence of a brain scan was given, but no details were provided in the case judgments as to the type of scan undertaken.