Table 2.
Distribution of the child-related factors and bivariate analysis for the risk of acquiring pneumonia
| Variables | Cases (n = 407) N (%) |
Controls (n = 407) N(%) |
p-value | OR | 95 % CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Female | 194 (47.7) | 141 (34.6) | 1 | ||
| Male | 213 (52.3) | 266 (65.4) | <0.01 | 0.58 | 0.44–0.77 | |
| Age | ≥1 year | 241 (59.2) | 324 (79.6) | 1 | ||
| <1 year | 166 (40.8) | 83 (20.4) | <0.01 | 2.68 | 1.97–3.67 | |
| Birth weighta | >2500 g | 327 (87.9) | 329 (85.5) | 1 | ||
| <2500 g | 45 (12.1) | 56 (14.5) | 0.32 | 0.80 | 0. 53–1.23 | |
| Prematurityb | No | 346 (91.0) | 349 (89.3) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 34 (9.0) | 42 (10.7) | 0.40 | 0.82 | 0.51–1.31 | |
| Respiratory disease /previous allergy | No | 367 (90.2) | 374 (91.9) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 40 (9.8) | 33 (8.1) | 0.40 | 1.22 | 0.76–1.99 | |
| Previous hospitalizationc | No | 326 (81.7) | 355 (87.2) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 73 (18.3) | 52 (12.8) | 0.03 | 1.53 | 1.04–2.24 | |
| Exclusive Breastfeeding (4–6 months)d | Yes | 203 (49.9) | 212 (52.8) | 1 | ||
| No | 204 (50.1) | 192 (47.2) | 0.53 | 1.09 | 0.83–1.44 | |
| Nutritional status (Weight-for-age Ratio) d | (> -2 z score) | 362 (89.2.) | 383 (94.1) | 1 | ||
| (≤ -2 z score) | 44 (10.8) | 24 (5.9) | 0.01 | 1.93 | 115–3.23 | |
| 10-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine | Vaccinated | 254 (62.4.) | 258 (63.4) | 1 | ||
| unvaccinated | 153 (37.6.) | 149 (36.6) | 0.77 | 1.04 | 0.78–1.38 | |
| Influenza virus vaccine | Vaccinated | 172 (42.3) | 289 (71.0) | 1 | ||
| unvaccinated | 235 (57.7) | 118 (29.0) | <0.01 | 3.34 | 2.50–4.48 | |
Exclusive Breastfeeding when the child had been exclusively breastfed during 4 months
Nutritional status - according to a-2 z-score, the weight-for-age ratio was classified into two categories: very low or low weight for age and normal weight for age
10-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine children were considered to have been vaccinated if they had received at least two doses prior to their first birthday or one dose after their first birthday
Influenza virus vaccine children who were immunized according to the immunization card received: a) at least one dose if they received the prime vaccination previously and had been immunized with two doses Or b) two doses of the prime vaccination Children under 6 months of age and those over 6 months of age who had not been immunized were classified as unvaccinated
aData missing in 35 cases (4.3 %);bData missing 43cases (5.3 %);cData missing in 8 cases (1.0 %); dData missing in 1 cases (0.1 %)