Figure 6.

In females, 17β-estradiol modulates whole VMH phospho (p)-AMPK levels via a membrane-bound ER. (A) Representative western blot images for p^T172-AMPK, tAMPK, and β-actin. (B–E) Quantification of relative fold expression of whole VMH pAMPK (B, C) and total (t)-AMPK (D, E) in the presence and absence of 17βE or BSA-17βE. Numbers above columns indicate the n of each group. Columns with different letters are significantly different from each other as determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc tests. 17βE: 17β-estradiol (100 nM), AMPK:AMP-activated kinase, BSA-17βE: bovine serum albumin-conjugated 17βE (100 nM), ER: estrogen receptor, G: mM glucose, VMH: ventromedial hypothalamus.