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. 2016 Aug 28;2016(8):CD008815. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008815.pub4

2. Overview of interventions, outcome measures, mean changes.

Study N Intervention groups Time frame Outcome measures Mean change
Progestin‐only oral contraceptive
Ball 1991 51 NET 350 µg vs levonorgestrel 30 µg 6 months Weight (kg) 0 vs 0.6
Napolitano 2015 68 Desogestrel 75 µg vs no hormonal method 12 months Weight (kg);
BMI (kg/m2);
fat mass (%);
fat‐free mass (%)		 0.3 vs ‐0.2;
0.5 vs 0.5;
2.8 vs ‐0.5a;
‐2.8 vs 0.5a
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) 150 mg/mL
Tuchman 2005 222 DMPA vs MPA + E2C 6 months;
12 months		 Weight (kg) 0.6 vs 1.2;
 1.7 vs 3.0
DMPA vs COC 0.6 vs 1.1;
 1.7 vs 1.0
Tankeyoon 1976 32 DMPA vs COC 12 months Weight (kg) 1.8 vs 3.1 (estimated)
Bonny 2009 15 DMPA + placebo vs DMPA + E2C 6 months Total body fat (%);
lean body mass (%)		 10.3 vs 2.8;
‐3.4 vs ‐1.2
Castle 1978 1000 DMPA 150 vs DMPA 450 6 months Weight (kg) 0.33 vs 0.32
Espey 2000 172 DMPA: interval vs postpartum 1 year;
2 years		 Weight (kg) 4.2 vs 3.2;
 7.2 vs 6.5
Westhoff 2007 534 DMPA‐intramuscular 150 vs DMPA‐subcutaneous 104 3 years Weight (kg) 5.8 vs 4.5
WHO 1983 3172 DMPA vs NET‐EN (60 days) 1 year;
2 years		 Weight (kg) 1.9 vs 1.7;
 3.3 vs 3.3
NET‐EN: 60 days vs 84 days 1.7 vs 1.7;
 3.3 vs 3.4
Salem 1988 400 DMPA vs NET‐EN 1 year Weight; no unit (kg or lb) 3.5 vs 2.7
Taneepanichskul 1998 100 DMPA vs Cu IUC 10 years Weight (kg) 10.9 vs 11.2
Pantoja 2010 758 DMPA vs Cu IUC 1 year;
2 years;
3 years		 Weight (kg) 1.76 vs ‐0.42;a 
 3.1 vs 0.4;a 
 3.9 vs 0.8a
Modesto 2015 1277 DMPA 150 vs Cu IUC 1 year;
4 years;
10 years		 Weight (kg) 1.3 vs 0.2;a
3.5 vs 1.9;a
6.6 vs 4.9a
Vickery 2013 167 DMPA 150 vs Cu IUC 12 months Weight (kg) 2.20 vs 0.16
Dal'Ava 2014 110 DMPA 150 vs Cu IUC 12 months Weight (kg);
fat mass (kg);
lean mass (kg)		 1.9 vs 1.1;
1.6 vs ‐0.9;
0.3 vs 1.2
Dos Santos 2014 71 DMPA 150 vs Cu IUC 12 months Weight (kg);
body fat (kg);
lean mass (kg)		 1.4 vs 0.3;
1.57 vs 0.52;
‐0.31 vs ‐0.26
Bonny 2009 26 DMPA + placebo vs no hormonal method 6 months Total body fat (%);
lean body mass (%)		 10.3 vs ‐0.1;a 
 ‐3.4 vs 0.6a
Nyirati 2013 78 DMPA 150 vs surgical sterilization 12 months Weight (lb);
BMI (kg/m2);
body fat (%)		 2.14 vs 0.6;
0.36 vs 0.04;
‐0.58 vs ‐1.56
Implants
Salem 1984 150 Norplant vs Cu IUC 6 months Weight (kg) 1.39 vs 0.92a
Norplant vs non‐hormonal method 6 months 1.39 vs 0.65a
Moore 1995 100 Norplant vs DMPA 12 months Weight (kg) ‐0.81 vs 0.06
Sivin 1998 1200 Norplant vs 2‐rod levonorgestrel 1 year;
3 years;
5 years		 Weight (kg) 0.99 vs 0.90;
 3.12 vs 3.12;
 4.14 vs 3.54
Sule 2005 516 Norplant vs non‐hormonal IUC 1 year;
 3 years Weight (kg) 2.5 vs 1.4;a 
 4.8 vs 3.9
Norplant vs COC 2.5 vs 1.4;
 4.8 vs 0.0
Vickery 2013 230 Etonogestrel implant vs Cu IUC 12 months Weight (kg) 2.12 vs 0.16
Levonorgestrel (LNG) intrauterine contraception (IUC)
Dal'Ava 2012 76 LNG‐IUC vs non‐hormonal IUC 12 months Weight (kg) 2.9 vs 1.4
Total body fat;
lean body mass		 2.5% vs ‐1.3%;a
‐1.4% vs 1.0%a
Vickery 2013 230 LNG‐IUC vs Cu IUC 12 months Weight (kg) 1.03 vs 0.16
Modesto 2015 1204 LNG‐IUC vs Cu IUC 1 year;
4 years;
10 years		 Weight (kg) 0.7 vs 0.2;
2.7 vs 1.9;
4.0 vs 4.9
Napolitano 2015 60 LNG‐IUC vs no method 12 months Weight (kg);
BMI (kg/m2);
fat mass (%);
fat‐free mass (%)		 0.6 vs ‐0.2;
0.2 vs 0.5;
1.1 vs ‐0.5;a
‐1.1 vs 0.5a

aSignificant difference between comparison groups
 Cu IUC: copper intrauterine contraception
 COC: combination oral contraception
 DMPA: depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
 E2C: estradiol cypionate
 LNG‐IUC: levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine contraception
 MPA: medroxyprogesterone acetate
 NET: norethisterone
 NET‐EN: norethisterone enanthate