Table 1.
Basic demographics of all included participants stratified by subject group
| Basic Demographics | PD (n = 769) | At‐Risk (PD Relatives) (n = 98) | Controls (n = 287) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean, range (SD) | 67.7, 32‐89 (9.5) | 59.8, 35‐86 (10.7) | 65.3, 28‐88 (10.0) |
| Gender, female n (%) | 261 (33.9) | 57 (58.2) | 150 (52.3) |
| Ethnicity, nonwhite n (%) | 11 (1.4) | 2 (2.1) | 6 (2.1) |
| Age of motoric symptom onset, mean, range (SD) | 64.8, 28‐87 (9.7) | n/a | n/a |
| Disease duration from symptom onset in years, mean, range (SD) | 2.9, 0.2‐13.9 (1.9) | n/a | n/a |
| Disease duration from diagnosis in years, mean, (SD) | 1.3 (1.0) | n/a | n/a |
| MDS‐UPDRS III, mean (SD) | 26.4 (11.0) | 2.4 (3.4) | 1.7 (2.7) |
| H & Y stage, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 178 (23.2) | ||
| 2 | 532 (69.3) | ||
| 3 | 58 (7.5) | ||
| 4‐5 | 0 | ||
| Untreated PD, n (%) | 97 (12.6) | ||
| LEDD (treated patients only), mean (SD) | 327 (196) | n/a | n/a |
| Treated participants were on the following medications, n (%)a: | n/a | n/a | |
| Levodopa | 418 (62.6) | ||
| Dopamine agonist | 238 (35.5) | ||
| MAOB‐I | 194 (28.9) | ||
| First‐degree relatives with PD, n (%) | 114 (14.8) | 98 (100) | 0 |
| Second‐degree relatives with PD, n (%) | 67 (8.7) | 16 (16.3) | 7 (2.4) |
| Ever smoked | 314 (41.0) | 40 (40.8) | 126 (44.1) |
| Number of vascular risk factorsb, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 360 (47.0) | 63 (64.3) | 151 (52.8) |
| 1 | 207 (27.0) | 23 (23.5) | 69 (24.1) |
| >2 | 199 (26.0) | 12 (12.2) | 66 (23.1) |
| On medication for, n (%): | |||
| Depression | 87 (11.3) | 9 (9.2) | 22 (7.7) |
| RBD | 7 (0.9) | 0 | 0 |
| Urinary symptoms | 57 (7.4) | 2 (2.0) | 9 (3.1) |
| Erectile dysfunction (men only) | 9 (1.8) | 0 | 1 (0.7) |
| Constipation | 154 (20.2) | 8 (8.3) | 16 (5.6) |
a
Percentages relate to the number on each drug; some patients are on more than one class of drug.
b
Includes angina, heart failure, stroke or transient ischemic attack, heart attack, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension.
MAOB‐I, monoamine oxidase B inhibitor; n/a, not applicable.