Table 3.

Association of nonmotor and motor symptoms with HRQoL and ADL in the early PD group

	HRQoLa (OR [95% CI]; P Value)	ADLb (OR [95% CI]; P Value)
NMS
Neuropsychiatric
Cognition	1.47 (1.08‐2.00); 0.01	1.06 (0.76‐1.47); 0.74
Depression	6.76 (4.50‐10.2); <0.001	2.67 (1.78‐4.01); <0.001
Anxiety	4.89 (3.34‐7.16); <0.001	2.39 (1.61‐3.55); <0.001
ICBs	1.94 (1.38‐2.71); <0.001	1.74 (1.20‐2.52); 0.004
Hallucinations and psychosis	1.11 (0.74‐1.69); 0.61	1.94 (1.23‐3.07), 0.004
Apathy	2.66 (1.87‐3.78); <0.001	1.83 (1.26‐2.65); 0.002
Fatigue	4.53 (3.29‐6.25); <0.001	2.70 (1.94‐3.76); <0.001
Gastrointestinal
Constipation problems	1.11 (0.85‐1.46); 0.45	1.24 (0.93‐1.66); 0.15
Chewing and swallowing	2.81 (2.00‐3.96); <0.001	3.31 (2.28‐4.81); <0.001
Autonomic
Urinary problems	1.95 (1.47‐2.59); <0.001	1.67 (1.23‐2.26); 0.001
Saliva and drooling	1.76 (1.33‐2.32); <0.001	1.90 (1.40‐2.58); <0.001
Orthostatic hypotension	1.24 (0.90‐1.73); 0.19	1.19 (0.84‐1.70); 0.33
Sensory
Pain and other sensations	13.7 (8.63‐21.9); <0.001	2.58 (1.80‐3.69); <0.001
Hyposmia	0.94 (0.66‐1.34); 0.73	1.09 (0.73‐1.62); 0.67
Sleep
Sleep disturbance	2.57 (1.89‐3.47); <0.001	1.41 (1.03‐1.93); 0.03
RBD	1.90 (1.43‐2.54); <0.001	1.44 (1.05‐1.96); 0.02
Daytime somnolence	2.11 (1.53‐2.91); <0.001	1.97 (1.39‐2.80); <0.001
Sexual dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction	1.01 (0.70‐1.45); 0.97	1.54 (1.03‐2.30); 0.03
Erectile dysfunction	1.53 (1.06‐2.21); 0.02	2.08 (1.39‐3.10); <0.001
Total NMS score	2.75 (2.33‐3.24); <0.001	2.00 (1.70‐2.36); <0.001
Motor scores
MDS‐UPDRS III	1.33 (1.15‐1.55); <0.001	2.03 (1.71‐2.42); <0.001
Flamingo Balance Test	1.72 (1.21‐2.44); 0.002	1.52 (1.05‐2.19); 0.03
Purdue Peg Board Test–Total	1.74 (1.27‐2.39); 0.001	2.28 (1.63‐3.19); <0.001

Adjusted for age, gender, and disease duration.

^aAs assessed by the EQ‐5D.

^bAs assessed by S&E scale.