Table 3.
Cox Proportional Hazards Regression on Recurrent Malaria by Day 28, Unadjusted and Adjusted for Covariates
| Covariate | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 lumefantrine concentration <200 ng/mL | ||||
| Yes | 1.62 (1.05–2.64) | .03 | 1.21 (.71–2.07) | .48 |
| No | 1.00 | |||
| TMP-SMZ use | ||||
| Yes | 0.78 (.49–1.24) | .29 | 0.75 (.43–1.29) | .30 |
| No | 1.00 | |||
| TMP-SMZ*day 7 interaction | .001 | .0005 | ||
| Without TMP-SMZ use | ||||
| Day 7 concentration <200 ng/mL | 2.95 (1.61–5.43) | .0005 | 2.97 (1.59–5.55) | .0007 |
| Day 7 concentration ≥200 ng/mL | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| With TMP-SMZ use | ||||
| Day 7 concentration <200 ng/mL | 0.51 (.22–1.18) | .12 | 0.50 (.22–1.13) | .10 |
| Day 7 concentration ≥200 ng/mL | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Age group, mo | .19 | .29 | ||
| ≥18 | 1.58 (.72–3.48) | .26 | 1.53 (.64–3.63) | .34 |
| 12–18 | 1.91 (.94–3.91) | .08 | 1.87 (.83–4.22) | .13 |
| 6–12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 1.53 (.52–4.44) | .44 | 1.21 (.43–3.43) | .71 |
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Hemoglobin level (g/dL)a | 0.94 (.83–1.06) | .32 | 0.93 (.83–1.05) | .25 |
| Parasite density (parasites/µL)a | 1.02 (.92–1.12) | .72 | 1.04 (.95–1.14) | .35 |
| Underweight (dichotomized)b | ||||
| Yes | 1.11 (.53–2.30) | .79 | 1.04 (.47–2.31) | .93 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; TMP-SMZ, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
a Values on the day of diagnosis; log-transformed parasite densities were used in the analysis.
b Weight-for-age z score less than −2 or greater than or equal to −2.