Table 1. Study characteristics of chi ldren and parents stratified by gender.
Results presented as median and 5–95 percentiles unless stated otherwise.
| Children | Parents | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys | Girls | Fathers | Mothers | |||||||
| N | Median (5th-95th) | n | Median (5th-95th) | p | N | Median (5th-95th) | n | Median (5th-95th) | P | |
| Age (years) | 200 | 5 (4, 7) | 163 | 5 (4, 7) | 0.50 | 182 | 39 (33, 49) | 301 | 38 (31, 45) | <0.01 |
| Hair cortisol (pg/mg) | 200 | 95 (26, 464) | 163 | 89 (23, 372) | 0.08 | 231 | 150 (56, 404) | 301 | 124 (47, 329) | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 200 | 16 (14, 18) | 163 | 16 (14, 18) | 0.75 | 231 | 26 (21, 33) | 301 | 25 (20, 37) | <0.72 |
| BMI Z-score (SD) | 200 | 0.3 (-1.0, 1.8) | 163 | 0.4 (-1.0, 1.7) | 0.62 | - | - | - | - | |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 173 | 3 (1, 5) | 144 | 4 (2, 6) | <0.01 | - | - | - | - | |
| FMI Z-score (SD) | 173 | -0.3 (-1.7, 1.1) | 144 | 0.5 (-1.0, 1.6) | <0.01 | - | - | - | - | |
| FFMI (kg/m2) | 173 | 13 (11, 15) | 144 | 12 (10, 15) | <0.01 | - | - | - | - | |
| FFMI Z-score (SD) | 173 | 0.1 (-1.2, 1.9) | 144 | -0.5 (-1.7, 1.5) | <0.01 | - | - | - | - | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 188 | 54 (49, 59) | 160 | 53 (47, 60) | 0.01 | - | - | - | - | |
| Waist-hip ratio | 187 | 0.91 (0.84, 0.99) | 159 | 0.88 (0.81, 0.96) | <0.01 | - | - | - | - | |
| PA (% most active) | 177 | 40% | 140 | 35% | 0.81 | 223 | 16% | 293 | 11% | 0.10 |
| Education level (% low) | - | - | - | - | 222 | 32% | 294 | 17% | <0.01 | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FMI, fat mass index; FFMI, fat free mass index; PA, physical activity
Difference between boys/men and girls/women was tested using Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Chi-squared test