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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2016 Apr 4;63(10):2047–2055. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2016.2550045

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Ca2+ wave direction, start site and speed for PC to PP vasopressin receptor production gradient (kr) and different IP3 synthesis patterns (kIP3) under sustained stimulus shown in A, and under a preconditioning stimulus prior to a sustained stimulus shown in B. Wave speeds were estimated assuming typical hepatocyte diameter of 20 μm. Estimations were based on spike time difference between the wave start site (dark circle) and the hepatocyte in the hepatocyte cord farthest away from it. C - Both gradients from PC to PP yield a PC to PP Ca2+ wave starting at the hepatocyte closest to the PC region. Wave propagation speed is 6.8 μm/s; D - kr gradient superimposed with constant kIP3 gives PC to PP propagation with a wave speed of 10.3 μm/s; E - Opposing gradients result in faster wave propagation speed (25 μm/s), however, the start site is closer to the PP region. Waves propagate in either direction from the start site; F - Random variations of kIP3 within the specified range result in waves starting close to the PC region and propagating in both directions. (See Table S5 for parameter values used in the simulations).