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Measured substrate surface (in the absence of the droplet) and droplet temperatures, initially (T0) and after 5 min (T5), both in the absence (fm = 0 kHz) and in the presence (fm = 15 kHz) of amplitude modulation. The input power is held constant at 156 mW. Where a droplet is present, its volume is held constant at 5 μl.
| Substrate surface | Droplet | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fm (kHz) | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| T0 (°C) | 22.9 ± 0.1 | 22.9 ± 0.2 | 21.0 ± 0.1 | 21.0 ± 0.2 |
| T5 (°C) | 29.4 ± 0.5 | 29.5 ± 0.3 | 30.1 ± 0.3 | 28.2 ± 0.1 |
