Table 3.

fMRI analysis results.

	Brain region	Side	BA	Cluster size	MNI coordinate			Peak t/F values	Effect sizea
					X	Y	Z
Baseline: IGDs > HCs	Brainstem/caudate	L		62	− 6	− 15	− 9	4.57	1.21
	Brainstem/SN	R/L		92	0	− 24	− 24	5.01	1.33
	Precuneus/PCC/ACC	R/L	7/24/31	1478	3	− 57	45	6.84	1.81
	MFG/ACC	R	9/10	104	6	51	33	4.96	1.31
	IPL/MTG	L	40	649	− 48	− 60	15	5.68	1.50
	IPL/STG	R	39/40	740	51	− 30	45	5.95	1.58
	IFG	R	9/44	188	57	9	21	5.72	1.52
	IFG	L	9/44	147	− 54	9	33	4.81	1.27
	MFG	R	6/8/9	924	24	30	42	7.04	1.86
	MFG/SFG	L	6/8/9	855	− 24	6	63	6.97	1.85
	MTG	R	21	138	63	− 3	− 18	4.31	1.14
	Cerebellum posterior lobe	L		131	− 48	− 48	− 15	4.94	1.31
Baseline: HCs > IGDs	Insula	R	13	50	36	− 18	21	4.94	1.31
Group and session interaction	Insula	R	13	29	42	3	− 6	14.97	0.28
PPI: R insula seed, group and session interaction	Lingual gyrus	L	18/30	215	− 6	− 72	3	21.95	0.40
	Precuneus/lingual gyrus	R	18/31	170	15	− 60	18	17.22	0.31

P_GRFT < 0.05 for whole-brain analysis.

IGDs = Internet gaming disorder subjects; HCs = healthy control subjects; PPI = psychophysiological interaction; BA = Brodmann area; MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute; SN = substantia nigra; PCC = posterior cingulate cortex; ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; IPL = inferior parietal lobule; MTG = middle temporal gyrus; STG = superior temporal gyrus; IFG = inferior frontal gyrus; MFG = middle frontal gyrus.

^aCohen's d value for t-tests and partial η² value for F tests.