Table 1.
Patient characteristics and antifungal prophylaxis regimen
| Characteristic | PAP (N = 818) | SAP (N = 88) | Non-antifungal prophylaxis (n = 147) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (range/%)/case | 28.5 (1–63) | 32.2 2–58) | 29.6 (4–61) |
| 0–6 | 33 (4 %) | 3 (3.4 %) | 4 (2.7 %) |
| >6–16 | 129 (15.8 %) | 10 (11.4 %) | 20 (13.6 %) |
| >16–40 | 488 (59.7 %) | 49 (55.7 %) | 85 (57.8 %) |
| >40–65 | 168 (20.5 %) | 26 (29.5 %) | 38 (25.9 %) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 505 (61.7 %) | 51 (58.0 %) | 87 (59.2 %) |
| Female | 313 (38.3 %) | 37 (42.0 %) | 60 (40.8 %) |
| E-COG | |||
| 0 | 227 (27.8 %) | 18 (20.5 %) | 48 (32.7 %) |
| 1 | 438 (53.5 %) | 54 (61.4 %) | 74 (50.3 %) |
| 2 | 89 (10.9 %) | 11 (12.5 %) | 17 (11.6 %) |
| 3 | 51 (6.2 %) | 5 (5.7 %) | 7 (4.8 %) |
| 4 | 13 (1.6 %) | – | 1 (0.7 %) |
| Underlying disease | |||
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 289 (35.3 %) | 44 (50.0 %) | 43 (29.3 %) |
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia | 241 (29.5 %) | 32 (36.4 %) | 37 (25.2 %) |
| Chronic myeloid leukemia | 100 (12.2 %) | 3 (3.4 %) | 23 (15.6 %) |
| Aplastic anemia | 69 (8.4 %) | – | 13 (8.8 %) |
| Myelodysplastic syndrome | 62 (7.6 %) | 2 (2.3 %) | 16 (10.9 %) |
| Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma | 23 (2.8 %) | 4 (4.5 %) | 4 (2.7 %) |
| Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | 4 (0.5 %) | – | – |
| Multiple myeloma | 2 (0.2 %) | – | 1 (0.7 %) |
| Hodgkin’s disease | 2 (0.2 %) | – | 3 (2.0 %) |
| Myeloprolififerative neoplasms | 2 (0.2 %) | – | – |
| Solid tumor | 1 (0.1 %) | – | – |
| Hereditary and metabolic disorders | 9 (1.1 %) | – | – |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria | 1 (0.1 %) | – | 1 (0.7 %) |
| Othersa | 13 (1.6 %) | 3 (3.4 %) | 6 (4.1 %) |
| Transplantation type | |||
| HLA-matched related (sibling) | 335 (41.0 %) | 35 (39.8 %) | 77 (52.4 %) |
| Haploidentical | 269 (32.9 %) | 26 (29.5 %) | 35 (23.8 %) |
| Unrelated | 213 (26.0 %) | 27 (30.7 %) | 35 (23.8 %) |
| Source of stem cells | |||
| PB | 417 (51.0 %) | 67 (76.1 %) | 105 (71.4 %) |
| BM + PB | 348 (42.5 %) | 19 (21.6 %) | 20 (13.6 %) |
| BM | 33 (4.0 %) | – | 7 (4.8 %) |
| CB | 15 (1.8 %) | 1 (1.1 %) | 3 (2.0 %) |
| BM + CB | 3 (0.4 %) | – | – |
| BM + PB + CB | 2 (0.2 %) | 1 (1.1 %) | 8 (5.4 %) |
| Conditioning regimen | |||
| Myeloablative | |||
| Yes | 729 (89.1 %) | 83 (94.3 %) | 124 (84.4 %) |
| No | 89 (10.9 %) | 5 (5.7 %) | 23 (15.6 %) |
| Total body radiotherapy | |||
| Yes | 122 (14.9 %) | 23 (26.1 %) | 13 (8.8 %) |
| No | 696 (85.1 %) | 65 (73.9 %) | 134 (91.2 %) |
| Antithymocyte globulin | |||
| Yes | 516 (63.1 %) | 52 (59.1 %) | 64 (43.5 %) |
| No | 302 (36.9 %) | 36 (40.9 %) | 83 (56.5 %) |
| Concomitant disease | 137 (16.7 %) | 22 (25.0 %) | 23 (15.6 %) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 24 (2.9 %) | 2 (2.3 %) | 4 (2.7 %) |
| Diabetes | 24 (2.9 %) | 2 (2.3 %) | 6 (4.1 %) |
| Viral hepatitis | 22 (2.7 %) | 9 (10.2 %) | 4 (2.7 %) |
| CMV infection | 1 (0.1 %) | 2 (2.3 %) | 1 (0.7 %) |
| Tuberculosis | 14 (1.7 %) | 3 (3.4 %) | 2 (1.4 %) |
| Autoimmune diseases | 9 (1.1 %) | 1 (1.1 %) | – |
| Othersb | 61 (7.5 %) | 5 (5.7 %) | 8 (5.4 %) |
| aGVHD | |||
| I–II aGVHD | 257 (31.4 %) | 27 (30.7 %) | 40 (27.2 %) |
| III–IV aGVHD | 57 (7.0 %) | 7 (8.0 %) | 15 (10.2 %) |
| cGVHD | |||
| Limited | 57 (7.0 %) | 9 (10.3 %) | 10 (6.85) |
| Extensive | 24 (2.9 %) | 2 (2.3 %) | 4 (2.7 %) |
| Drugs for IFD prophylaxis | |||
| Single drug | 667 (81.5 %) | 69 (78.4 %) | – |
| Fluconazole | 429 (64.3 %) | 8 (11.6 %) | – |
| Itraconazole | 103 (15.4 %) | 17 (24.6 %) | – |
| Voriconazole | 71 (10.6 %) | 32 (46.4 %) | – |
| Caspofungin | 4 (0.6 %) | 6 (8.7 %) | – |
| Amphotericin B | 2 (0.3 %) | 1 (1.4 %) | – |
| Drug combination | 151 (18.5 %) | 19 (21.6 %) | – |
| Route of administration | |||
| Oral | 466 (57.0 %) | 29 (33.0 %) | – |
| Intravenous | 214 (26.2 %) | 37 (42.0 %) | – |
| Oral + intravenous | 138 (16.9 %) | 22 (25.0 %) | – |
| Time of prophylaxis before HSCT mean (SD), days | 10.8 (6.57) | 12.0 (6.43) | – |
E-COG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, PAP primary antifungal prophylaxis, SAP secondary antifungal prophylaxis, BM bone marrow, PB peripheral blood, CB cord blood, CMV cytomegalovirus, aGVHD acute graft versus host disease, cGVHD chronic graft versus host disease, IFD invasive fungal diseases, HSCT hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
aOthers include chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 3), T lymphoblastic lymphoma leukemia (n = 2), mixed-lineage leukemia (n = 10), aggressive NK cell leukemia (n = 3), myeloid sarcoma (n = 1), plasmablasticlymphoma (n = 3)
bOthers include infectious disease (n = 18), digestive system diseases (n = 10), cholecystolithiasis (n = 7), mouth disease (n = 8), urological diseases (n = 6), intestinal diseases (n = 7), endocrine diseases (n = 7), surgery (n = 5), cerebrovascular disease (n = 4), tumor (n = 2)