Table 2.

Covariates of the Three Trajectory Classes With Increased Risk

Covariates	Class 1 (Increasing)			Class 2 (Highest Overall)			Class 3 (Decreasing)
	b	se	z	b	se	z	b	se	z
Internal Indicators of Validity
Attrition (dropout + death)	0.432	0.418	1.06	−0.188	0.415	−0.46	−0.274	0.241	−1.13
Prehospitalization attempts	0.080	0.289	0.27	1.062**	0.287	3.724	0.877***	0.167	5.27
Posthospitalization attempts	0.936*	0.415	2.24	4.417***	0.411	10.71	0.617*	0.240	2.58
Demographic
Age at hospitalization	−0.374	0.435	−0.86	0.931	0.431	2.16	0.861***	0.251	3.43
Gender	0.140	0.580	0.24	0.761	0.588	1.29	0.648	0.336	1.92
Race/ethnicity	0.775	0.862	0.90	1.215	0.989	1.23	0.203	0.402	0.51
Diagnostic Risk Factorsa
ADHD	−0.312	0.492	0.63	0.789	0.464	1.70	0.302	0.367	0.83
CD	0.103	0.507	0.20	0.694	0.441	1.57	−0.053	0.236	−0.23
Dysthmic disorder	−0.043	0.479	−0.09	0.718	0.459	1.56	0.165	0.388	0.43
GAD	−0.546	0.807	−0.68	1.603**	0.571	2.81	0.589	0.358	1.52
MDD	0.424	0.406	1.04	1.227***	0.377	3.25	0.346	0.249	1.39
ODD	0.105	0.438	0.24	0.296	0.605	0.49	−0.099	0.324	−0.28
Panic disorder	0.031	0.829	0.04	0.995	0.538	1.85	0.756	0.503	1.51
Phobic disorder	−0.527	0.691	0.76	1.151*	0.585	1.97	0.056	0.551	0.10
SUD	0.176	0.481	0.37	−0.084	0.412	0.21	0.032	0.281	0.12
Other Risk Factors
Aggression (adulthood)	6.232*	2.887	2.16	4.275	3.680	1.19	1.629	1.873	0.87
Family history suicidal behavior	−1.000	0.991	−1.00	0.826	0.626	1.32	0.250	0.411	0.61
Hopelessness	0.496	0.612	0.81	2.645**	0.847	3.13	0.531	0.382	1.39
Impulsivity (adulthood)	10.017**	3.296	3.05	7.108*	2.954	2.40	2.073	1.927	1.07
Physical abuseb	0.610	0.587	1.04	0.892	0.579	1.54	0.249	0.347	0.72
Sexual abuse	0.340	0.597	0.60	1.218*	0.591	2.06	0.597	0.343	1.74
Trait anxiety	4.391*	2.246	1.96	11.800***	2.691	4.37	4.610**	1.441	3.20
Protective Factors
Parenthood	−0.622	0.592	−1.06	−0.283	0.573	−0.49	0.529	0.344	1.54
Perceived social support	−0.430	0.292	−1.47	−0.159	0.344	−0.46	−0.113	0.185	−0.62
Survival and coping beliefs	−0.218	0.125	−1.75	−0.787**	0.249	−3.16	−0.287**	0.107	2.68
Nonsuicidal Outcomes
Impairment in behavior to others	0.942*	0.432	2.18	0.617	0.408	1.51	0.118	0.289	0.41
Impairment in role performance	1.077*	0.515	2.08	0.874*	0.443	1.97	0.269	0.320	0.84
Overall social adjustment in adulthood	9.734**	3.108	3.13	11.074**	3.625	3.05	1.810	2.159	0.83
Incarcerationsc	−0.336	0.581	−0.58	−0.250	0.573	0.44	−0.400	0.333	−1.21
School drop-outc,d	0.335	0.600	0.56	0.444	0.595	0.76	0.107	0.333	0.32

Note: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CD = conduct disorder; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder; ODD = oppositional defiant disorder; SUD = substance use disorder

^aLog(proportion) of time in episode of disorder, approximately normally distributed.

^bOther than sexual abuse.

^cCoded as binary variable (yes, no)

^dParticipants were coded as dropping out of school even if they re-entered school and completed at a later time, or later received their Graduate Equivalency Degree

^*p ≤ .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001