. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Brain Imaging Behav. 2017 Jun;11(3):649–665. doi: 10.1007/s11682-016-9542-5

Table 4.

Group Mean Scores on Neuropsychiatric and Psychosocial Measures

Neuropsychiatric/Psychosocial Domain	HC Low-ELS		HC High-ELS		HIV+ Low-ELS		HIV+ High-ELS
Neuropsychiatric/Psychosocial Domain	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD

Composite Index (z-score)	−0.20	0.49	0.36	0.84	0.06	0.61	1.80	1.85
Depression (CESD)	3.00	3.52	8.56	7.04	5.67	6.34	20.54	13.07
Anxiety (BAI)	0.94	1.84	1.67	2.55	1.80	2.57	9.15	11.43
Apathy (AES)	23.56	4.76	26.78	7.65	26.21	4.46	30.46	6.08
Alexithymia (TAS)	37.94	8.81	40.33	11.02	35.80	9.82	49.54	14.06
Interpersonal Problems (IIP)	47.50	34.70	76.67	47.10	58.57	38.83	73.00	50.21

Note: The Composite Index represents the overall degree of neuropsychiatric difficulty reported across all domains assessed, with the HC group serving as the normative sample. The Composite Index is expressed as a z-score, whereas means for all other measures represent mean raw scores. Higher scores on all measures, including the Composite Index, indicate greater global difficulty. ELS = early life stress; HC = HIV-negative Control; CESD = Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; AES = Apathy Evaluation Scale; TAS = Toronto Alexithymia Scale; IIP = Inventory of Interpersonal Problems.