Table 3.

Many of the common molecular hallmarks of aging are also present in dementia.

Cellular process	Aging	Dementia reference
Increased oxidative stress	✓(Finkel and Holbrook, 2000)	✓(Wang et al., 2014)
Mitochondrial dysfunction	✓(Balaban et al., 2005)	✓(Ferrer, 2009)
mtDNA mutations	✓(Piko et al., 1988)	✓(Wang et al., 2014)
Shortened telomeres	✓(Honig et al., 2012)	✓(Honig et al., 2012)
Decreased autophagy	✓(Tan et al., 2014)	✓(Tan et al., 2014)
Microvascular abnormalities	✓(Le Couteur and Lakatta, 2010)	✓(Costanza et al., 2012)
Inflammation	✓(Franceschi and Campisi, 2014)	✓(Bettcher and Kramer, 2014)
Advanced glycation endproducts	✓(Baynes, 2001)	✓(Srikanth et al., 2013)